82 results for “persia”
...a. Classical historians record that fourteen pillars of the Persian emperor's palace cracked simultaneously, the ancient Zoroa...
...oss his entire life: through his caliphate, the conquest of Persia and Byzantium, and his martyrdom in the mosque of Medina in...
...ly that he would one day wear the bracelets of Khosrow, the Persian emperor; he did so under Umar's caliphate when Persia was ...
...ssible. The tactical solution came from Salman al-Farisi, a Persian companion, who proposed a defensive trench across the nort...
... of Hudaybiyyah. The Prophet ﷺ sent letters to the kings of Persia, Byzantium, Egypt, Abyssinia, and other powers during this ...
...cipients included Heraclius of Byzantium, Khosrow Parviz of Persia, the Negus of Abyssinia, al-Muqawqis of Egypt, and the Ghas...
...ssage. Salman was born into a prominent family in Isfahan, Persia, in a region and era dominated by Zoroastrianism — one of t...
...l-Bayt)." This statement — an extraordinary elevation for a Persian freed slave — reflects the depth of the bond that formed b...
...e entire hadith and seerah literature. He had traveled from Persia to Syria. He had served one bishop after another across dec...
... from the People of the House." This declaration elevated a Persian freedman to the spiritual family of the Prophet ﷺ himself,...
...as part of Khalid ibn al-Walid's Iraqi campaign. A combined Persian and Arab Christian force attempted to stop the Muslim adva...
...ed one of his famous double-envelopment manoeuvres. A large Persian force supported by Arab allies had positioned themselves e...
...t crossed a pontoon bridge over the Euphrates to engage the Persians on their own ground, against the tactical advice of his o...
...er al-Muthanna ibn Haritha al-Shaybani. The Muslims lured a Persian force across the Euphrates, then cut their line of retreat...
...l-Qadisiyyah was the decisive engagement that broke Sasanid Persian power in Iraq and opened all of Mesopotamia to the Muslims...
...r within its hall. The immense spoils, including the famous Persian carpet and the crown jewels, were sent to Umar in Medina.
...ls east of the Tigris to block further Muslim advances into Persia. Hashim ibn Utba led the Muslim force. The Persians had for...
...gns, at the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates near the Persian Gulf. Like Kufa in the north, Basra was designed as a base...
...gerd III had assembled a last great Sasanid army in western Persia. Al-Nu'man ibn Muqarrin commanded the Muslim force; he was ...
Umar ibn al-Khattab was stabbed by Abu Lu'lu'ah Firuz, a Persian slave of al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba, while leading the Fajr pra...
...drew on the administrative traditions of both Byzantium and Persia. His reign of nearly twenty years (41–60 AH) gave the nasce...
...Arabic in government correspondence and official registers. Persian in Iraq and the eastern provinces was similarly replaced. ...
...e discriminatory tax policies that had fueled resentment in Persia and Khurasan. Under his direction, the state actively encou...
...usly popular among the non-Arab Muslim converts (mawali) of Persia and Khurasan who had faced continued taxation despite conve...
...hat drew its support from the mawali (non-Arab converts) of Persia and Khurasan — communities that had chafed under the ethnic...
...urt politics and military campaigns. The Barmakid family of Persian advisors wielded enormous administrative power until Harun...
...icians, and philosophers gathered there to translate Greek, Persian, and Indian texts into Arabic, and to produce original wor...
In 334 AH, the Buyid dynasty — a Shia Persian military confederation from the Daylam region — entered Ba...
...tained significant naval power in the Mediterranean and the Persian Gulf, projecting Islamic influence across major maritime t...
...a respected warrior in the subsequent conquests of Iraq and Persia. The victory at Buzakha broke the back of the Asad tribe's ...
...agements in the Muslim conquest of Iraq against the Sasanid Persian Empire. Khalid ibn al-Walid's force of approximately 18,00...
...al engagements in world history, effectively ending Sasanid Persian dominance in Mesopotamia. Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas commanded a ...
...agement that broke the last organised Sasanid resistance in Persia. The Sasanid Emperor Yazdegerd III assembled a large force,...
... Timur had been building his own empire in Central Asia and Persia, and had clashed with Bayezid over control of Anatolian ter...
...Ottoman Empire and the newly established Safavid dynasty of Persia, with profound consequences for the Islamic world's religio...
... allowed them to cross fully before attacking, catching the Persians in a vulnerable transitional formation. The Sasanid force...
...anded by Khalid ibn al-Walid. The battle is named after the Persian practice of chaining their soldiers together to prevent re...
...f Khalid ibn al-Walid's campaign through southern Iraq. The Persians assembled a large force at Walaja, supplemented by Arab C...
...halid ibn al-Walid's Iraq campaign. Facing a large combined Persian and Arab Christian force, Khalid won a decisive victory. T...
...sent Abu Ubayd ibn Masud al-Thaqafi to command in Iraq. The Persians, emboldened by Khalid's departure, launched a major count...
... of al-Qadisiyyah and the fall of Ctesiphon. The retreating Persian forces regrouped at Jalula (meaning 'the dyed/colored'), a...
...Islamic conquests — the fall of the capital of the Sassanid Persian Empire. After the decisive Battle of al-Qadisiyyah, Sa'd i...
... the Muslim army under Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas and the Sassanid Persian army under Rustam Farrokhzad. Despite being heavily outnum...
... the Chinese empire. Over the following centuries, Arab and Persian traders settled in Chinese port cities, and the Hui Muslim...
... intellectual center in Baghdad. Scholars translated Greek, Persian, and Indian works into Arabic, preserving and advancing cl...
Muslim traders from Arabia and Persia established settlements along the East African coast, creat...
Jalal al-Din Muhammad al-Rumi, the great Persian poet and Sufi mystic, died in Konya. His Masnavi is consid...
Ghazan Khan, ruler of the Mongol Ilkhanate in Persia, converted to Islam and made it the state religion. Under G...
...az Mahal. This masterpiece of Islamic architecture combines Persian, Turkish, and Indian design elements with white marble, ca...
...ntinent, passed away in Delhi. He translated the Quran into Persian, synthesized the four madhabs, bridged hadith and fiqh sch...
...er-poet of the East, died in Lahore. His poetry in Urdu and Persian inspired the movement for a separate Muslim homeland in So...
A Persian companion who suggested digging the trench at the Battle o...
One of the ten promised Paradise, conqueror of Persia and founder of Kufa.
Persian grammarian known as the father of Arabic grammar. His monu...
Persian Muslim mathematician and astronomer whose name gave us the...
Persian physician and philosopher known in the West as Avicenna. H...
Persian scholar, jurist, and one of the most celebrated poets in h...
Persian grammarian known for his two masterful commentaries: one o...
...ar of the Indian subcontinent, translator of the Quran into Persian.
...h marriage). A prolific author of over 200 works in Arabic, Persian, and Urdu, and a leading figure in the Ahl al-Hadith movem...
Persian astronomer and mathematician who wrote on the rotation of ...
... intellectual opponent who sought to counter the Quran with Persian tales and mocked its divine origin, executed after the Bat...
The Persian emperor who tore up the Prophet's letter — and was himself...
The last emperor of the Sassanid Persian Empire, who fled east as the Muslim armies advanced after ...
The commander-in-chief of the Sassanid Persian army at the decisive Battle of al-Qadisiyyah (15-16 AH), w...
...e Riddah, then returned to Islam. Fought in the conquest of Persia with Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas and was martyred at the Battle of ...
...worth a thousand warriors. He continued in the conquests of Persia.
... the early Iraq conquest. He was the first to begin raiding Persian territories and brought reports to Abu Bakr that initiated...
...ttle of Nihawand (21 AH), the final major battle that broke Persian resistance. He was martyred in the battle, which was calle...
The Persian satrap (governor) of the Ubulla region in southern Iraq. H...
A senior Persian general who commanded at the Battle of the Bridge (13 AH),...
Persian polymath, astronomer, and mathematician who served the Mon...
Companion commander who led the Muslim forces to victory at the decisive Battle of Nahavand.
Persian theologian and philosopher, Hujjat al-Islam, author of Ihy...
By Imam al-Ghazali. A Persian abridgment of the Ihya Ulum ad-Din, written for a broader ...
...loguing approximately 15,000 books and treatises in Arabic, Persian, and Turkish. Hajji Khalifah lists each work with its auth...
...duction. The Kitab al-Ibar covers the history of the Arabs, Persians, Berbers, and other peoples, applying Ibn Khaldun's revol...
The Persian companion who traveled from Zoroastrianism through Christi...
The Abbasid institution that translated Greek, Persian, and Indian texts into Arabic, catalyzing the Islamic gold...
The Muslim victory over Sassanid Persia led by Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, the exchange with Rustam, and t...