1. If one abandons prayer out of carelessness he must be: 6. Facing the qiblah is not a condition with regard to the

(killed immediately - asked to repent for three days then be killed if he does not). 2. Repeating after the mu'adhen is (mandatory - recommended - permissible). 3. (Praying at the beginning of prayer time is obligatory - recommended - permissible). (optional - mandatory - both optional and mandatory) prayer(s) when performed on the mount 7. The part of supplication that reads, "… and open for me the gates of your favors" is said (upon entering - when leaving) the masjid. 143 International University in Latin America Didactic activity Dear learner, in order to learn more about the topics tackled in this unit, you should: Write a precise paper on prayer as a religious obligation and the conditions for its validity. 144 International University in Latin America Unit Two Unit Two: Description of the Prayer Description of the Prayer 145 International University in Latin America Contents of the Unit: • Description of the Prayer 146 International University in Latin America Importance of the Unit: This unit gives a detailed account of the actions and sayings of prayer from the first takbeer until tasleem (saying, "As-Salamu Alykum) so that one can perform prayer in the most perfect way.

Learning Objective: Dear students, after studying this unit you should be able to: - Give a full description of how the Prophet (peace be upon him) used to pray. 147 International University in Latin America B2-C4 Chapter On The Description Of The Prayers 1When he stands for the prayer, he should say: "Allahu (1) Akbar" the imam says it aloud (jahran), likewise the rest of takbeer (saying Allahu Akbar) to make those behind him hear him. The rest will say it to themselves (sirran). (2) 2He should raise his hands at the beginning of takbeer (saying Allahu Akbar) to the level of his shoulders or his (3) ear lobes. (1) Aloud or jahran, means that the people around you will hear you. While to oneself or sirran means that you will be able to hear yourself, but those next to you won't.

(2) From: www-unix.oit.umass.edu (3) Ibn al-Mundhir reported the consensus of the scholars on the legitimacy of the sunnah of raising the hands, and al-Albani said in his "The Prophet's Prayer": "He (blessings and peace be upon him) 148 International University in Latin America (1) 3And then, put them underneath his navel . 4He should look at the site of his prostration [where his (2) forehead touches the ground] would raise his hands sometimes with the takbeer,(B) sometimes after the takbeer,(B) and sometimes before it.(B) and would raise them with fingers apart [not spaced out, nor together]" (D) and "he would put them level with his shoulders" (B) although occasionally, "he would raise them until they were level with [the tops of] his ears."(B)" (1) There is a clear unambiguous evidence that the sunnah is to put the right hand on the left for he (blessings and peace be upon him) used to do that (M) and command the companions to do it (B) and he said: We, the company of prophets, have been commanded to hasten the breaking of the fast, to delay the meal before the fast, and to place our right arms on our left arms during prayer. (Hib) It is however less clear where he put his hands, some argue it was below the navel, others: above, and others: on the chest. There are conflicting and controversial reports in this regard, and the various positions are equally strong, so you may choose whichever one, and that is the position of A2, Ibn al-Mundhir and Al-Tirmidhi. (2) It was reported by (H/Ba) - and authenticated by al-Albani - from Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that the prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) would lower his head and look at the ground when he prayed. It is also reported that when the Prophet entered into the ka'bah his sight was not moved from the place of his prostration and he is known to have prayed inside it.

The only time during the prayer when the person is to look elsewhere is during the tashahhud, for the Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) used to look at his index finger as reported by an-Nasa'ey from Abdullah ibn az-Zubair (may Allah be pleased with them). 149 International University in Latin America 6˜ab 5And then say: "subhanaka allahuma wa bihamdika wa tabaraka-smuka wa ta'ala jadduka wa la ilaha ghairuk" (O Allah glorified you be with praise. Your name is most blessed and your power is most supreme. And there is no god save you.) 6And then say: "'A'oodhu billah mina ash-shaytan ar- (1) rajeem." (I seek refuge in Allah from the cursed devil.) . (1) The Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) used to seek refuge with Allah before reciting al-Fatihah as reported by (D); Albani:Auth. The scholars (May Allah bestow his mercy on all of them) disagreed whether it is mandatory or not.

Some, including (ath-Thawri, al-Awzaa'i and Ibn Hazm + a ) argued it was mandatory for the saying of Allah: "So, when you want to recite the Quran, seek refuge with Allah from the shaytaan (Satan), the outcast (the cursed one)" (al-Nahl 16:98). The majority (H+S+A) said it is sunnah, and quoted The hadith about the man whose prayer was defective. The Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) taught him how to pray and said: "When you go to pray, say takbeer, then recite whatever you can of the Quran. Then bow …" (Ag) they say, he did not tell him to seek refuge with Allah. 150 International University in Latin America 7And then he should say: "Bismillah ar-rahmaan arraheem." (In the name of Allah, the most beneficent, the most merciful.) 8He should not say any of that aloud, for the statement of Anas: "I prayed behind the Prophet (peace be upon him), Abi Bakr, Omar and 'Uthmaan, and I never heard any one of them say aloud "Bismillah ar-rahmaan ar-raheem." (In the name of Allah, the most beneficent, the most (1) merciful.) And whether one should recite it in the first rak'at or in every one, it is likely that it is to be recited in the first only, for the whole prayer is one supplication to God. Others argued it should be recited in every rak'at before the recitation of al-Fatihah.

Allah knows best. (1) There is controversy regarding the recitation of the "basmalah" aloud. Ash-Shafe'e (may Allah bestow mercy on him) maintains that the sunnah is to recite it aloud, whereas the majority don't. There is another hadith from Abi Hurairahh in which he prayed and recited aloud the "basmalah" and said: "by the One in whose Hand is my soul, I have done what resembles how we prayed with the Messenger of Allah." Ibn al-Qayyem (may Allah bestow mercy on him) tried to reconcile between this hadith and the one by Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) mentioned by the author and said: "Sometimes the Prophet would recite it aloud, but most of the time he would say it quietly and not aloud." It is also fair to reconcile by 151 International University in Latin America 9And then, he should recite the Fatihah, and there is no prayer for one who doesn't recite it. Except for the ma'moom (the one led in the prayer) for the recitation of (1) the imam will count for him .

It is recommended that he [the ma'moom] recites during the silences of the imam and whenever he is not reciting aloud. (2) 10Then, he recites a surah (chapter) , which is preferred (3) to be in the morning of the longer ones of al-mufassal. And in maghrib one of the shorter ones of it, and in 'isha' one of the medium ones of it. saying that he recited it aloud but quieter than the rest of the recitation, so some heard it and others didn't. (1) According to S & B, it is mandatory to recite al-Fatihah even for the ma'moom. Their position is strong, and it is certainly safer that we do always recite the Fatihah as ma'mooms as well.

(2) It is recommended to recite a whole surat, but reciting part of a surat is certainly allowable. (3) The last one seventh of the Quran, starting from surat Qaf # 50. 152 International University in Latin America 11The imam should recite aloud in the subh (Morning Prayer), the first two rak'ah of the maghrib (sunset prayer) and 'isha' (night prayer) and recite to himself in (1) the rest . 12Then, he should say "Allahu Akbar" and bow (make (2) (3) rukoo') , and raise his hands like he did the first time. (1) This is the sunnah by consensus. If someone forgot and recited aloud or to himself when he should have done the opposite, nothing is upon him, for this is only the preferable way. (2) From: www-unix.oit.umass.edu (3) Raising the hands here is (Ag) and reported from several companions.

Al-Albani said: "This raising of the hands [after rukoo'] is reported as mutawaatir from him (blessings and peace be upon him) as is the raising of the hands on straightening up after rukoo`. It is the madhab of the three Imams Malik, Shaafe`ee and Ahmad, and of the majority of scholars of hadith and fiqh. Imam 153 International University in Latin America (1) Then, he should place his hands on his knees spreading (2) (3) his fingers , and stretching his back and making his (4) head level with it. And then say: "subhana rabbeya al- (5) 'azeem" (glory be to my lord the great) thrice . 13And then raise his head, while saying: " same'a Allahu (6) liman hamidah" (Allah hears those who praise him) , and raise his hands like the first time. When he stands up erect, he should say: " rabbana laka alhamd mil'a assamawat wa mil'a al-ard wa mil'a ma shi'ta min shay'en ba'd" (our lord, all praise be to you, the fill of the Malik (may Allah bestow mercy on him) practiced it right up to his death, as reported by Ibn `Asaakir (15/78/2).

Some of the Hanafis [may Allah bestow mercy on them] chose to do it, among them `Isam bin Yusuf al-Balkhi (d. 210), a student of Imam Abu Yusuf (may Allah bestow mercy on him)" (1) (B) from Abi Humaid as-Sa'edey. (2) (H). from Wael ibn Hujr, who also said that he firmly held his knees with his hands. Albani:Auth. (3) (T):Auth. And in it, it was also reported that he would keep his elbows away from his sides.

(4) (M/D) from 'Aishah. (5) (A/D/Ma). Albani:Auth. (6) (Ag) 154 International University in Latin America heavens, the fill of the earth and the fill of what you will beyond them). the ma'moom (the one lead in the prayer) should only say: " rabbana laka alhamd" (our lord, all (1) praise be to you) . (2) 14Then, he should fall down in prostration , while saying (3) takbeer (Allahu Akbar), and should not raise his hands .

The first thing that will touch the ground of him should be (4) his knees , then his palms, then his forehead and nose. (1) (Ag) from Anas & Abi Hurairahh in (B) (2) http://chattanoogamuslims.com (3) (A) reported from Wa'el al-Hadrami that the Prophet would raise his hands with every takbeer. Thus, sometimes he did raise his hands with every takbeer, but usually he didn't when going down to sujood as indicated in the hadith of Ibn Omar reported by (B). (4) There is a lot of disagreement over this issue, but the reports are somewhat ambiguous and conflicting, and it is probably acceptable to touch the ground with the knees or hands first, given there will be no exaggeration, and he will go down to sujood in calm and with dignity. 155 International University in Latin America (1) He should separate his arms from his flanks and his (2) abdomen from his thighs , and should make his hands (3) parallel to his shoulders . And should be [his feet] on the (4) tips of his feet .

(1) (Ag) from Abdillah ibn Malik ibn Buhainah. (2) (D) from Abi Humaid as-Sa'edey, who said that he (blessings and peace be upon him) didn't have any of his abdomen on his thighs. In the same report, it was also reported that he separated between his thighs. (3) (D/T) T:Auth. And make his fingers together (Kh), pointing to the qiblahh (Ba).

(4) (Ba) and in (B) from Abi Humaid, pointing the toes - and fingers in a different narration - towards the qiblahh. As for the toes, he separated them while in sujood as narrated by (D) from Abi Humaid; he had his fingers at ease without compleately separating them or bringing them together as reportd by (B) from Abi Humaid. As for the position of his feet from each other, the reports are not completely clear; some argue that he (blessings and peace be upon him) put them next to each other for 'Aishah said in a hadith reported by (M) that while she was looking for the Prophet at night, she touched with her hand both of his feet which were erect. To them, it is unlikely to touch both feet with one hand unless they were next to each other, but to others, it is not unlikely, because you may touch one foot with the tips of the fingers and another with the proximal end of the palm. It is also not confirmed that she (may Allah be pleased with him) touched them simultaneously.

There are no other authentic and unambiguous reports on the issue. 156 International University in Latin America 15Then, he says: "subhana rabbeya al-a'la" (glory be to my (1) lord, the most high) thrice . 16Then, he should raise his head, while making takbeer (2) (saying Allahu Akbar) and should sit in iftirash , which is to lay the left foot on its side, and sit on it and make the (3) right one erect and bend its toes, making their tips face (4) (5) al-qiblahh . And say: "rabbi-ghfir-lee" (my lord, (1) (A/D/Ma); Albani: Auth. It us also prescribed to make abundant supplication (invoking Allah for all of your needs) in sujood, (M) reported from Abi Hurairah that the Prophet said: "The closest the servant can be to his lord is during prostration, so make abundant supplication in it." (2) From www.qss.org (3) (M) from'Aishah (4) (D) from Ibn Omar (may Allah be pleased with them) (5) At times, he (blessings and peace be upon him) sat between the two sujoods on the heels of his two erect feet in (iq'aa') as reported by (M) from Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them). 157 International University in Latin America (1) forgive me) thrice . And then, prostrate a second time, like the first 17And then raise his head while saying takbeer (Allahu Akbar). And stand up to pray the second one [rak'ah] like the first. 18When he is done with both [rak'ahs], he should sit down in iftirash for the tashahhud.

And he should put his left hand on the left thigh and the right hand on the right (2) thigh . With regards to the right hand, he should fold the little finger and the ring finger and make a circle with the (3) (1) middle finger and the thumb , and point with the index during the tashahhud several times. (1) (D) from Hudhaifah. Albani:Auth. And in this report, it is said that he sat between the sujoods for as long as he prostrated.

(2) (M) from az-Zubair. In a different narration in (M) from Ibn Omar, it is said that he (blessings and peace be upon him) put his hands on his knees. Both positions would then be correct. (3) (D) from Wael ibn Hujr. Albani: Auth. 158 International University in Latin America 19And should say: "At-Tahiyyaatu lillahi was-salawaatu wat-tayyibaat.

As-Salaamu 'alyaka ayyuhan-nabiyu wa rahmatullaahi wa barakaatuhu. As-Salaamu 'alayna wa 'alaa 'ibaadillaahis-saaliheen. Ash-hadu an laa ilaaha From: as-sunnah.de (1) (D) ibid; and in most reports, there is no clear indication he moved his index up and down, but they mention pointing with it only. In one report, it is said that he (blessings and peace be upon him) used to move his index. Some scholars argued that this was an addition of one who is trustworthy and accepted the position of moving the index, while others argued it is an addition of one against many who didn't mention it; some of them being more trustworthy than him, and they rejected the position of moving the index and maintained that it should point to the direction of the qiblah without moving.

Whether you decide to move it or not based on your conviction of what he (blessings and peace be upon him) may have done, your prayer will be complete and you will earn the full reward as long as you thought to follow him (blessings and peace be upon him) and took the appropriate means to do so. 159 International University in Latin America illallaahu, wa ash-hadu anna Muhammadan 'abduhu wa (1) rasooluh. (All reverence, prayers and good are due to Allah. Peace be upon you O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be upon us and the righteous servants of Allah, I testify that there is non worthy of worship except Allah, alone without partners. And I testify that Muhammad is His servant and His Messenger.) for that is the most authentic report from the Prophet with regards to at-tashahhud. 20And then he should say: "Allaahumma salli 'alaa Muhammadin wa 'alaa aali Muhammadin, kamaa sallayta 'alaa Ibraaheema wa aali Ibraheem. innaka Hameedun Majeed Wa baarik 'alaa Muhammadin wa 'alaa aali Muhammadin, kamaa baarakta 'alaa Ibraaheema wa aali Ibraheem, innaka Hameedun (2) Majeed" (O Allah!

Shower Your Mercy on Muhammad and on the kinsfolk of Muhammad; as You showered Your Mercy on Ibraheem and the kinsfolk of (1) (Ag) from Ibn Mas'ood (may Allah be pleased with him). Other forms have slight variations. (2) (B) from Ka'b ibn 'Ujrah. Other forms have slight variations. 160 International University in Latin America Ibraheem. You are the Praiseworthy and the Glorious.

And bless Muhammad and the kinsfolk of Muhammad, as You blessed Ibraheem and the kinsfolk of Ibraheem. You are the Praiseworthy and the Glorious.) 21It is recommended to seek refuge [with Allah] from the (1) torment of the grave and the torment of the hell fire . 22And then he makes tasleem by saying "Assalamu (2) alaikum wa rahmatullah" (peace be upon you and Allah's mercy) while looking to the right side and then the left. (1) As reported by (Ag) from Abi Hurairahh, that the Prophet said: " when one of you is done with his tashahhud, he should seek refuge in Allah from four things, he should say: "O Allah! I do seek refuge with You from the punishment of the Hellfire, and from the punishment of the grave, and from the trials of life and death, and from the evil [trials] of the Imposter Christ." In some reports by (Ag) from Ibn Mas'ood: "…then he should supplicate for himself with whatever supplication he desires." So a person may ask Allah for any of his needs. (2) As reported by (M) from Jabir, and in (M) from 'Amir ibn Sa'd reporting from his father that the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace be upon him) would look to the right and left all the way until the white of his face is seen by the people behind him. 161 International University in Latin America 23If the prayer was more than two rak'ah, he should stand up after the first tashahhud like he did when he stood up from prostration, and then pray two rak'ah, in which he does not recite anything after the Fatihah.

When he sits for (1) the last tashahhud, he should sit in tawarruk , so he makes erect his right foot, and lays the left on its side and makes it come out from underneath the right [leg]. 24He should not make tawarruk except in a prayer that has (2) two tashahhuds, then he makes tawarruk in the last . (1) From www.qss.org (2) Unlike the shafe'ee position, where tawarruk is prescribed in all final tashahhuds. 162 International University in Latin America 25And when he makes tasleem (saying Assalamu alaikum), (1) he should say: "astaghfirullah" thrice . And he should say: "allahuma anta as-salaamu wa minka as-salaamu (2) tabarakta ya dha-ljalaali wa-likraam" (O Allah, you are as-Salaam (the one above all deficiencies or the giver of peace) and from you comes peace. Blessed you are, O lord of majesty and generosity) (1) (M) from Thawban. (2) Ibid. 163 International University in Latin America Summary of the Unit • Upon commencing prayer, one says.

"Allah Akbar" while raising his hands up to the level of shoulders or ears' lobes. • Puts the right hand on the left beneath or above the navel or on the chest and looks at the spot of prostration. • Recites the prayer-opening supplication, recites the isti`azah, basmalah and surat Al-Fatihah along with another surah. • The imam recites aloud both in the subh prayer, the first two rak`ats of Maghrib and `isha' and recites to himself in the rest. • Then he says, 'Allahu Akbar' and raises his hand like before and bows placing his hands on his knees with his fingers spread, stretching his back and making his head level with it and repeats the supplication of bowing thrice. • Then takes an erect position saying, 'same'a Allahu liman hamidah' raising his hand like before. After being erect he says the supplication above-mentioned in the text. • Then prostrates himself saying, 'Allahu Akbar' but without raising his hands. He should make his hands parallel to his shoulders and separate his arms from his flanks and his abdomen from his thighs. And should have his feet rested on their tips, and then repeats the supplication of prostration thrice. 164 International University in Latin America • He should then raise his head, while making takbeer and should sit in iftirash as portrayed above, and says: "rabbighfir-lee" (my lord, forgive me) thrice. And then, prostrate a second time, like the first. • Then raises his head while saying 'Allahu Akbar'.

And stand up to pray the second rak`ah like the first. • When he is done with both [rak'ahs], he should sit down in iftirash for the tashahhud. In such a position he should put his left hand on the left thigh and the right hand on the right thigh. With regard to the right hand, he should fold the little finger and the ring finger and make a circle with the middle finger and the thumb, and point with the index during the along with reciting the tashahhud. • It is recommended to seek refuge [with Allah] from the torment of the hellfire and the torment of the grave and from the trials of life and death and from the trials (evils) of the antichrist. Finally he makes tasleem turning his face to the right and then to the left. • If the prayer was more than two rak'ah, he should stand up after the first tashahhud and complete his prayer whether by praying one or two rak`ats, in which he does not recite anything after the Fatihah. When he sits for the last tashahhud, he should sit in tawarruk position as portrayed above. • Tawarruk position is done in second tashahhud of only two two-tashahhud prayers. Right after making tasleem one should recite the prescribed supplications and praises. 165 International University in Latin America Self-assessment Questions Essay Questions: