9. If the traveler is praying behind a resident: 1. The prophet said that the one leading people in prayer

Imam, he is not allowed to shorten such a prayer. ( ) 10. The traveler is allowed to shorten the prayer, but still completing it is preferable. ( ) 11. If one makes takbeer (commences prayer) before intending to shorten the prayer, he may still shorten it.

( ) Multiple choice questions: should be (the best reciter - the more knowledgeable - the oldest). 2. The woman leading women in prayer should stand (by herself in the leadbetween them). 3. The farsakh equals a distance of (two miles - three miles - five miles). 4. If the distance of permissible traveling is (80 - 88 - 78) kilometers, the traveler can shorten the four-rak`ats prayers according to the majority. 244 International University in Latin America Didactic activity Dear learner, in order to learn more about the issues covered in this unit you should: Write a paper on the imamate and another on the concessions given to the sick and traveler regarding prayer. 245 International University in Latin America 246 International University in Latin America Unit Six Unit Six: Prayer of Fear & Jumu`ah and `Eid Prayers Prayer of Fear & Jumu`ah and `Eid Prayers 247 International University in Latin America Contents of the Unit • Prayer of Fear • Al-Jumu'ah (Friday Prayer) • Eid prayers 248 International University in Latin America Importance of the Unit: This unit covers three significant types of prayer. It first describes how and when to perform the prayer of fear and whether it is restricted to the state of war.

Secondly, it clarifies the different rulings pertaining to Al-Jumu'ah prayer and the least number needed to establish it. Finally, it gives a description of the `eid prayer; time of the prayer, `eid' speeches and the time and wording of takbeer. Learning Objectives: Dear learner, after studying this lecture you should be able to: - Describe the way of performing the prayer of fear. - Recognize the different rulings pertaining to AlJumu'ah prayer. - State the manner of performing `eid prayer and specify the time during which takbeer is allowed in either `eid. 249 International University in Latin America (1 ) B2-C12 Chapter on the Prayer of Fear (1) It is permissible by agreement due to the proofs in the Quran and sunnah; Allah said: F RG G F G G ,(Ai5 "When you (O Messenger Muhammad) are among them, and lead them in As-Salah (the prayer), let one party of them stand up [in prayer] with you taking their arms with them; when they finish their prostrations, let them take their positions in the rear and let the other party come up which have not yet prayed, and let them pray with you taking all the precautions and bearing arms. Those who disbelieve wish, if you were negligent of your arms and your baggage, to attack you in a single rush, but there is no sin on you if you put away your arms because of the inconvenience of rain or because you are ill, but take every precaution for yourselves. Verily, Allah has prepared a humiliating torment for the disbelievers" (4:102) Imam Ahmad said that there are seven authentic reports with regards to the prayer of fear/peril; whichever one of them one follows would be permissible.

That shows us the flexibility and practicality of our religion. The leader may thus choose whichever form that is most suitable, and if the fear intensifies, then they pray individually walking or riding as in the verse, and certainly facing the qiblah or not. We learn from this besides the flexibility and practicality of our religion, the importance of prayers in Islam to the point of praying while in the midst of war and even when there is intense fear and peril. Is it then justifiable for some to make all of their prayers at the end of the day? 250 International University in Latin America The prayer of fear is permissible in whichever form it was conducted by the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace be upon him). And the preferred form is for the imam to make them [the army] into two groups; one group guards and the other prays with him one rak'ah, and when he rises to the second, that group intends to stop following his leadership and they complete their prayer and go to guard.

Then the other group (1) comes and prays with him the second rak'ah , and when he sits down for tashahhud, they rise to perform the other rak'ah, and he waits until they finish their tashahhud, and then makes tasleem with them. And if the fear considerably escalates, they pray walking or riding, facing the qiblah or not. They nod for bowing and (1) He would be waiting for them. 251 International University in Latin America prostration. Likewise, everyone afraid for himself may pray as his condition permits and do what he needs to do such as (1) escaping and other acts . (1) This is to clarify that it does not only apply to the time of war, but could apply to any one in intense fear or would be at peril if prayed in the usual way. 252 International University in Latin America (1 ) B2-C13 Chapter on the Jumu'ah (Friday Prayer) (I) [Who must pray it] Everyone obliged to pray the mandatory prayers is (2) obliged to pray the Jumu'ah , if he was a resident in a permanent dwellings [vs. tents] and if the distance between (1) Jumu'ah is a better name to be used for it infers the good meaning of gathering and it doesn't have the negative connotations associated with Friday in the Gregorian calendar.

The use of Friday is still acceptable. The day of al-Jumu'ah has a special position for the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace be upon him) said: "The best day upon which the sun has risen is al-Jumu'ah (Friday). On it, Adam was created and on that day he entered paradise and on that day he was removed from paradise. And the Hour will come on Friday." (M). It is imperative that we make this day a special day for us Muslims, particularly those living as minorities where the day is a weekday.

We can always make sure that we take our families to the masjids after work. (2) That includes all the post-pubertal youth, including those in high school who should be able to leave for the prayer. In many places the boards of education recognized this right for the Muslim children and in others, the struggle to obtain it must continue. The least that could be done is for the Muslim youth to have their own Jumu'ah at the school. 253 International University in Latin America (1) him and the masjid is one farsakh (three miles) or less . Except for the woman, slave, traveler, and one excused because of sickness, rain or fear.

And if they attended, it will count for them, but it doesn't become valid by their presence. Except for one excused, if he attended it then it becomes obligatory on him and also valid by his presence. (II) Conditions of its validity: (2) • Doing it in time . (1) The accessibility of a masjid is what matters here. For people who own cars, they ought to pray al-Jumu'ah if the masjid is within a reasonable driving distance.

(2) That is from the beginning of the time of salatul-'eid or duha until 'asr according the the hanbali position for the following proof: Jabir ibn Abdullah said: "The Prophet would pray al-Jumu'ah and then we would take our camels to rest until the sun passed its zenith." The majority consider the time to be that of adh-dhuhr prayer and interpret the hadith of Jabir to mean the encouragement of people to pray al-Jumu'ah early right after noon. The hanbali position is strong. 254 International University in Latin America (1) • In a village . • And being attended by forty of the residents therein [in (2) the village] who are obliged to pray it . (1) Permanent dwellings Vs. tents and the likes. (2) The popular position of the hanbali school is (50) not (40). There is also another position in the madhab which is (3); this was chosen by imam Ibn Taymeah (may Allah bestow mercy on him) and shaykh Ibn 'Othaymeen (may Allah bestow mercy on him).

Sayid Sabiq(may Allah bestow mercy on him) said (in Fiqh-us-Sunnah): The strongest opinion is that salatul Jumu'ah is valid if there are two or more people present since the Prophet is reported to have said: "Two or more constitute a congregation." End quote and the hadith he mentioned was authentically reported by (Ma). It was reported by (B) that the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace be upon him) said to Malik ibn Huwairith "if the two of you were traveling, let one of you make adhan and the eldest of you lead the prayer." Indicating that two are enough for the congregational prayer. The other reports about other numbers relating to the Jumu'ah specifically are weak, unclear or coincidental as explained by many scholars. as-Sayuti holds: 'There is no confirmed hadith which states a particular number [for the Jumu'ah salah].'" This is the opinion of at-Tabari, Dawud, an-Nakha'ey, Ibn Hazm and ash-Shawkani and several contemporary scholars and it is strong. I presented this matter in some detail since many Muslims in western communities would not be able to gather (40) individuals for the prayer, particularly if they pray at their place of work or school. The alternative is to not pray Jumu'ah for years for many of them. 255 International University in Latin America (1) • And to be preceded by two speeches , in every speech (2) there is the praise of Allah (exalted be He) and sending (3) blessings onto his Messenger (blessings and peace be upon him) and the recital of a verse and exhortation (4) (advice) .

(1) (M + S + A) Two speeches are a condition of validity. (H): one suffices for the validity. Ibn Hazm: no speech is required for the validity of the Jumu'ah. The position of the majority has strength for the Prophet said: "pray as you see me pray." And he never prayed the Jumu'ah without a speech. Also, some of the righteous predecessors (as-Salaf) said that the Jumu'ah was shortened because of the speech.

(2) For that is the way of the Prophet who also said: "Every affair (or speech) that is not started by the praise of Allah is cut off (ajdham, which also means leper)." (D) (3) It is prescribed in general on Friday to send many blessings onto our most beloved, our guide to the light of Islam and the one who sacrificed and endured all kinds of hardship to bring us out of the darkness of ignorance by the grace of Allah; that is the greatest of the children of Adam and the closest of all creations to the creator, Prophet Muhammad (blessings and peace be upon him) who said: "Send frequent blessings onto me on the day and night of alJumu'ah." reported by ash-Shafe'ee in his Musnad. Note that the night of al-Jumu'ah starts from the maghrib on Thursday. (4) That is the minimum to have a valid speech, which is doable by almost all Muslims by Allah's grace. The Prophet also said in (M): "The short speech and long prayer is an indication on the man's good understanding of the religion." This hadith is neglected by some and overly interpreted by others who want the speech to be only a few minutes. We know that the Prophet used to divide the speech and rest in the middle and had it been only a few minutes, he would not have needed to.

Also, it was reported by (M) that Ibn 256 International University in Latin America And it is preferable to give the speech from above a minbar (1) (pulpit) . (III) [Its Description] And when he ascends [the minbar] he faces the people and says "as-salamu alaikum" to them. And then he sits down until the end of the adhan and then stands and delivers the speech and then sits down and then [stands and] delivers the second speech. And then the iqamah is called and he descends and leads them in a prayer of two rak'ahs, in which 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) carried on with his speech until the time of 'asr and said to the man who kept on reminding him about the prayer, "are you teaching me the sunnah!?" A speech that lasts up to one hour or slightly more is not too long and one that lasts a few minutes is sufficient and it remains to be said that every imam must take in consideration the conditions of his congregation. (1) For that is the doing of the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace be upon him) who used a trunk of a palm tree first until they made a pulpit for him which had three steps.

Exaggeration in making enormous pulpits that would make the imam so much higher than the congregation is not recommended and it may have negative consequences. 257 International University in Latin America (1) he recites aloud . (IV) [When to finish it as jumu'ah or dhuhr] Whoever catches one rak'ah with him may finish it as (2) jumu'ah; otherwise he will finish it as dhuhr . Likewise if the number [of attendants] diminished or the time goes out after they have prayed one rak'ah they should finish it as jumu'ah; otherwise they should finish it as (3) dhuhr. (V) [More Rulings]