1. Rinsing and sniffing are among the preferable: 8. If one is certain to be ritually pure and doubts

acts of wudu' according to the matn. ( ) 2. Washing each part of wudu' thrice is obligatory. ( ) 3. The Sunnah is to wipe the head twice.

( ) whether he broke it, he has to make a new wudu'. ( ) 74 International University in Latin America Multiple choice questions: 1. The first mandatory act of wudu' is (washing the face - making the intention - washing the two hands). 2. Washing the parts of wudu' three times is (an obligatory act - a preferable act). 3. Using siwak (tooth-cleaning stick) before prayer is (mandatory - preferable). 4.

The resident is allowed to wipe over the socks for (one day - two days - three days). 5. The period allowed for wiping starts from (putting the socks on - the first wipe). 6. Wudu' is broken by (deep sleep - light sleep - sleeping in general). 75 International University in Latin America Didactic activity Dear learner, in order to learn more about the points tackled in this unit, you should: • Depending on different sources of fiqh, write a paper on the nullifiers of wudu' and the rulings related to wiping over socks. • Write a comprehensive description of the best form of wudu'. 76 International University in Latin America Unit Four Unit Four: Ghusl & Tayammum Ghusl & Tayammum 77 International University in Latin America Contents of The Unit • Ghusl (major ablution) • Tayammum (dry ablution) 78 International University in Latin America Importance of the unit: The present unit sheds light on significant issues upon which acts of worship relies and can be either valid or invalid. It tackles the issues of ghusl and tayammum. Learning Objectives: Dear learner, after studying this unit you are expected to be able to: - Recognize the things that make ghusl (major ablution) required. - Elucidate how and when to make tayammum (dry ablution). 79 International University in Latin America B1-C7 Chapter on Major Ablution (For Major Sexual Ritual Impurity) < VäÖ<gqç¹]æ DME (1) (I) What makes it required : 1The Ejaculation of semen, which is the gushing water; and 2The meeting of the two circumcised parts.

(II) [Mandatory Acts of Ghusl: 1the intention, 2washing the entire body 3with rinsing the mouth and the nostrils. < VàŠiæ DOE (1) He did not mention menstrual bleeding and postpartum bleeding since he is only addressing the ritual bath after sexual impurity. But, both types of bleeding require a ritual bath at their end. 80 International University in Latin America (III) [Recommended Acts of Ghusl: 1To say bismillah. 2That he rubs his body with his hand 3And to do as reported by Maimoonah, she said: "I covered the Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) and he made major ablution to remove major ritual impurity. He started by washing his hands, and then he poured water with his right hand onto the left and washed his private organ and whatever smeared it,. Then, he struck his hand against the wall and floor, and then he performed the usual wudu' for prayers and poured water on his body, then he made a slight (1) movement and washed his feet." (IV) [Unbraiding The Hair] 1It is not mandatory to unbraid the hair for the major (2) ablution consequent to major ritual impurity as long as (1) Ag. (2) However, for ghusl after hayd (menstruation), the scholars disagreed whether she should unbraid the hair or not.

It is safer to unbraid it. 81 International University in Latin America (1) its roots are saturated with water . DQE (V) [Matters Of Intention] 1And if he intended by his ghusl both types of purification, it would suffice him for both. 2Likewise if he made tayammum for the two types of hadath (the major and minor ritual impurity) as well as the filth on his body, it would suffice for all. And if he intended some of them, then he only gets what (2) he intended . (1) As reported by Muslim that the Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) was asked by Oum Salamah if she should unbraid her hair, and he instructed her to not unbraid it and saturate its roots with three two-handfuls of water. (2) Ibn Qudamah mentioned in al-Mughni that there are two opinions within the madhab for someone who makes ghusl for the jumu'ah prayer and forgets that he had major ritual impurity.

Some consider that ghusl sufficient for both and some don't. It seems that in the acts of purification, there is overlap (tadakhul) because it is an act of worship not meant for itself, but as preparation for another. Therefore, the stronger opinion is that one ghusl would suffice even if he was not conscious of the major ritual impurity he had at the time of his ghusl. But, he would be rewarded only for that which he intended. 82 International University in Latin America (1 ) B1-C8 Chapter On Tayammum (Dry Ablution) (1) [Description of Tayammum] The description of it is: (2) • To strike the wholesome sa'eed , which is the surface of the earth with his two hands once, And then wipe with (3) them his face and hands . And that is for the saying of the Prophet blessings and peace be upon him) to 'Ammaar: "it would have been enough for you to do like this, and he struck the floor with (1) Tayammum means linguistically to head towards, and in this case it would be heading for/seeking the clean surface of the earth.

(2) Sa'eed means the surface of the earth. According to (H+M) and must be soil according to (S+A) and it seems that (H+M) is stronger, since the prophet said: "The earth was made a place of prayer for me and a source of purification" and that should apply to any surface of the earth, including the ice in Alaska if there is no water. (3) The hands are wiped up to the wrists as indicated by the agreed upon hadith of 'Ammar. According to (S) it is up to the elbows based on a different hadith that is not authentic according to the scholars of hadith. 83 International University in Latin America (1) his hands and wiped " • And if he made tayammum with more than one strike or wiped more than once, it would be permissible. (II) [Its Conditions] And it has four conditions: (1) One is the inability to use water either: a. because of its lack b. or fear of harm if he used it, because of sickness or severe cold, c. or if he feared thirst for himself or his companion or beast d. or if he feared for himself or his property if he sought it e. or if he can't obtain it except with an expensive price.

(1) The author didn't mention the complete hadith, which said: "…and wiped his face and two hands" the word used in the hadith is kaff, which means the hands up to the wrists. 84 International University in Latin America And if he could use it on part of his body or found some water that is insufficient for his purification, then he should use it and make tayammum for the rest. (2) [Commencement of The Prayer Time] The second is the commencement of the time of the (1) prayer . So he should not make tayammum for a mandatory prayer before its time, or for a recommended prayer during the time of its prohibition. (3) [Intention] (2) The third is the intention . So if he made tayammum for a recommended prayer, he (1) This is a condition according to (M+S+A) and not a condition according to (H+a).

If we believe that tayammum removes the impurity like water, then the opinion of (H+a) would be the stronger. (2) If you believe tayammum does remove the impurity, then you will intend to make it for that, and use it to pray any number of prayers until you find water or break your tayammum. 85 International University in Latin America must not pray a mandatory prayer with it. And if he made tayammum for a mandatory prayer, he can do it and other mandatory and recommended ones until its time is out. (4) [Soil] (1) Fourth: soil . Thus he may not use other than wholesome soil that has particles of dust.

(III) [Invalidators of Tayammum] What invalidates the wet ablution would invalidate the tayammum plus (2) Te ending of the prayer time , ability to use water even (3) if he was in prayer . (1) It seems that the position of (H+M) that the surface of the earth in general is the sa'eed is stronger, and based on it, you will always be able to make tayammum except in very extraordinary conditions, then you will simply pray without purity according to the vast majority, and you will not need to repeat that prayer thereafter according to the stronger opinion. (2) (H+a): the ending of the prayer time doesn't invalidate the tayammum. (3) According to (M+S+a): he should not interrupt he prayer. 86 International University in Latin America Summary of the Unit • Ghusl is required upon ejaculation of semen or the meeting of the two circumcised parts (intercourse with or without ejaculation). • The acts mandatory in ghusl are: Intention, washing the whole body with the rinsing of mouth and nostrils. • Acts recommended in ghusl are: the basmallah (saying bismillah), rubbing one's body with hands and following the steps of the Prophet's ghusl as depicted by Maimoonah (may Allah be pleased with her). • It is not mandatory to unbraid the hair for the ghusl consequent to major ritual impurity as long as its roots are saturated with water. As for ghusl caused by menstruation, scholars splitted whether she should unbraid her hair or not.

It is safer to unbraid it. • One can intend two types of purification when performing ghusl. The same applies to tayammum (dry ablution). However, if he intends one of them, he gets only what he intended. • Tayammum is performed by striking the surface of the earth with two hands one time, and then wiping the face and hands. If he performs tayammum with more than one strike, it would be permissible. • Tayammum has four conditions: − Inability to use water 87 International University in Latin America − Commencement of prayer time − Making the intention − Availability of wholesome soil that has the particles of dust • The nullifiers of minor ablution are that of tayammum. The termination of prayer time and the ability to use water even during prayer are two further nullifiers of tayammum according to some scholars. 88 International University in Latin America Self-assessment Questions Essay Questions: 1. Discuss the matters that make ghusl obligatory, and state its mandatory and recommended acts.