4. If pure water was confused with impure water and he

didn't find any other water, he should (make ablution two times with the two available amounts - make tayammum and leave both). 37 International University in Latin America Didactic Activity: Dear student, in order learn more about the topics tackled in this unit, you should achieve the following: Write a paper on the various types of water identifying that which can be used for purification. 38 International University in Latin America Unit Two Unit Two: Utensils and Lavatory Utensils and Lavatory 39 International University in Latin America Contents of Unit • Vessels and utensils • Etiquettes of using the lavatory 40 International University in Latin America Importance of the unit: This unit is intended to illustrate the rulings related to using utensils and the etiquettes of using lavatory as well. After you learned about what types of water you may use in purification, Ibn Qudamah (may Allah bestow mercy on him) shows you what kinds of vessels you may put this water in and use for various reasons. Thenm he covered the ettiquettes pertaining to using the lavatory. Learning Objectives: Dear learner, after studying this unit you should be able to: - Be acquainted with the rulings pertaining to using utensils. - Learn the etiquettes of using the lavatory. 41 International University in Latin America B1-C2 Chapter on Vessels & Utensils (I) [Forbidden Utensils] It is not lawful to use gold & silver vessels in purification or otherwise, like eating & makeup. That is because of the statement of the Messenger of Allah: "Do not drink in gold or silver vessels and do not eat in dishes made of them, for they are for them (unbelievers) in this life and for you in the (1) Hereafter" (2) The ruling of vessels soldered by them is likewise, except if it was a small silver solder.

(II) [Allowable Vessels] (1) (Ag). (2) The same applies to plating. 42 International University in Latin America (1) It is permissible to use all pure vessels and possess them. Likewise is the usage of the vessels (and utensils) of the People of the Book and their clothes, unless they are known (2) to be impure . (III) [Pure and Impure Parts of Dead Animals] (3) (4) The wool of dead animals and their hair is pure . (1) Even if they were more expensive than silver and gold.

(2) You will assume their purity and you will not need to investigate it. the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace be upon him) did eat the food of the people of the book without asking them about the status of their utensils. If there is no need to use their vessels and clothes, you are encouraged to avoid them, since many scholars disliked their use based on the statement of The Messenger of Allah regarding them: "Do not eat in them unless you don't find others, then wash them and eat in them" (M). (3) This refers to animals that have not been slaughtered or those impermissible to eat, even if they were slaughtered. (4) The Majority ( H + S + A) considered the hair of pigs impure, but allowed its use in threading. (M + a + T): pure.

Feathers are pure like the hair. 43 International University in Latin America Every hide of non slaughtered dead animals whether it (1) has been tanned or not is impure (filthy), likewise are their (2) bones . Every dead body is filthy except [ 1] that of humans [ 2] and the sea creatures that do not live except in it, because of the statement of The Messenger of Allah regarding the sea:" its water is pure and its dead (animals) are (3) permissible (to eat)" and that which does not have blood as long as it did not (4) emanate from filth . (1) The majority of scholars (S + H + a) consider the hides pure after tanning, H: except for pigs; S: except for dogs and pigs; Z: including dogs and pigs. A2: only those animals who are permissible to eat. (2) The scholars are split regarding the purity of these bones.

(M + S + A): impure. (H + a + T): pure. The latter opinion is strong, since many of the righteous predecessors used ivory and allowed its trade. Ivory is from the tusks of elephants, which are their upper incisors. Teeth and bones should take the same ruling.

The same would apply to horns and claws. (3) (T, D, N, Ma & A.) Auth. (4) Such as worms emanating from dead bodies. 44 International University in Latin America < íq^£]<ð^-Î<h^e B1-C3 Chapter on Using the Lavatory (I) [What To Say And Do When Entering The Lavatory] a. It is recommended for the one who enters the lavatory to (1) say: "In the name of Allah . - I seek refuge in Allah from the evil and all that is evil (or the male and female (2) (3) demons) , - and from the cursed filthy Satan. " b.

And when he departs, he would say: "All praise be to (4) Allah who rid me of harm and gave me health." c. He should put forward his left foot when he enters and his right when he exits. (1) This part is reported by (Ma); (I, 50: Auth) (2) (Ag). (3) This part is reported by (Ma); (Al-Nawawi: W, Al-khulasah) a similar hadith with different wording was deemed sound by ibn Hajar in Nata'ej Al-Afkar. (4) Reported by (Ma); (I, 53: W).

What is authentic is "O, Allah: I seek your forgiveness." (Ghufaranak). (B). 45 International University in Latin America d. He should not enter with anything bearing the mention of (1) (2) Allah, except for a need. (II) [Etiquettes of Defecation And Urination] a. When he squats, he should put more of his weight on his (3) left leg.

(1) Although there is no specific evidence, but this falls under the general meaning of Allah's saying: Q RRF G Y22/32. …and whosoever honors the Symbols of Allah (rituals of his religion), then it is truly from the piety of the hearts.l The scholars also disliked mentioning the name of Allah (glorified and exalted be He) inside the lavatory or even talking with others and considered this of the lowly manners. Ibn 'Umar related that a man passed by the Prophet, (blessings and peace be upon him) and greeted him while he was urinating. The Prophet did not return his greeting." (M). Al-Muhajir ibn Qunfudh (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) while he was urinating and greeted him with salaam. He did not return the greeting until he had done ablution, then he apologized to me and said: I do not like to mention the name of Allah except in a state of purity." (D/N/Ma) Auth.

It would be allowable to talk for a need however, such as alerting someone that you are inside the bathroom or comforting a child who is looking for his parent. (2) Such as when he is outside using public lavatories, then he may protect his mushaf or anything sacred by keeping it inside his bag or clothes. (3) There is no evidence to support this practice, except a hadith reported by Tab. K and deemed weak. The scholars (may Allah bestow mercy on them) may have depended on medical information available to them at the time.

If it 46 International University in Latin America b. And if he was in the outdoors, he must go far and screen (1) himself. (2) c. He must seek a soft spot to urinate on . [so the urine doesn't spatter back on him] d. He must not urinate in a hole, groove, path, beneficial (3) shade or under a fruitful tree. was proven true by medicine that this position helps, then it is recommended for the medical benefit, since the shari'a is about attainment of benefits and avoidance of harm.

(1) Al-Mugheerah ibn Shu'bah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I was with the Messenger of Allah (May Allah Bless him and give him peace) and when he wanted to use the lavatory, he went far and screened himself from me." (M). (2) Hudhayfah ibn al-Yamaan (may Allah be pleased with him) said: " the Prophet (May Allah bless him and give him peace) walked to a dumpster (soft land, where people throw their garbage) of a people and urinated while standing." (Ag). (3) For the messenger of Allah (May Allah bless him and give him peace) said: " Fear the three causes of curse: urinating in the water bodies, the paths and in the shade." (D).

(I, 62: S).

The prohibition to urinate in a hole or groove was reported by (D) from Abdullah ibn Sarjas from Qatadah, and has controversial authenticity. 47 International University in Latin America e. He must not face or give his back towards the qiblahh, because of the saying of the Messenger of Allah (May Allah bless him and give him peace): "Do not face the qiblahh, while defecating or urinating, and do not give (1) (2) your backs to it." That would be permissible indoors . (III) [Etiquettes of Cleaning Oneself] f. When the urine stops, he should milk his penis out from (3) its root to the tip, and then shake it off three times. (4) g.

He should not touch his penis with the right hand , or (5) use it to wipe himself with stones . (1) Ag. (2) As indicated by Abullah ibn Omar.

(I, 61: S). This is still a controversial matter, and if one will have a choice, we should not design our lavatories in a way that would make us face or give our backs to the qiblah. (3) There is no proof supporting either practice. (T) argued that it may cause the urine to continue to dribble. It may be acceptable for certain people who usually have remains of urine in the urethra.

(4) The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace be upon him) said: "let no one of you touch his penis with the right hand while urinating." (Ag). (5) Would apply to tissue or other pure substances that would remove the filth. What matters is the effective removal of the filth with at 48 International University in Latin America (1) h. He should wipe himself odd times , and wash himself (2) with water thereafter . If he only wiped, it would suffice (3) him. i.

Wiping would suffice only if the filth which exited didn't (4) go beyond the usual area it touches . j. Less than three wipes that remove the entire filth will not be sufficient. k. Every pure substance that could remove the filth may be used for wiping, except for excrements of animals, bones least three wipes or more, if needed, with a pure substance that is not forbidden to use for this purpose. (1) The odd times are recommended, yet, not mandatory, as long as he wipes three times or more and removes the filth. Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (blessings and peace be upon him) as saying: "When anyone wipes himself with pebbles (after answering the call of nature) he should use an odd number…" (M).

(2) 'Aishah indicated that the Prophet used to wash with water. (T,A & N) (T): Auth. (3) The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace be upon him) said: "when you go to defecate, purify yourself with three stones, for they will suffice you." (D,A & N); (I,44:Auth). (4) In this case, he will need to remove the filth with water. 49 International University in Latin America and sacred substances [such as food and papers that bear (1) the mention of Allah and/or verses of the Quran] (1) Salman (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that it was said to him: Your Messenger (blessings and peace be upon him) teaches you about everything, even about excrement. He replied: Yes, he has forbidden us to face the qiblah at the time of excretion or urination, or cleansing with right hand or with less than three pebbles, or with dung or bone.

(M). 50 International University in Latin America Summary of the Unit • It is not lawful to use gold and silver vessels in purification or otherwise, like eating & makeup. Vessels soldered by small silver solder for a need are pardoned. • The vessels and clothes of the People of the Book can be used unless they are known to be impure. However, scholars disliked their usage in case one is not in need to do so. • The wool and hair of dead edible animals and inedible animals, whether slaughtered or not, are pure. The majority of scholars considered the pig's hair impure, but allowed using it in threading, while others considered it pure. • The majority of scholars consider the hides pure after tanning (contrary to the matn). However, they differed with regard to the hides of dogs and pigs. • As for bones, scholars have different views and the stronger one in (T)'s view is that they are pure.

The ruling applies also to teeth, horns and claws. • Every dead body is impure except that of humans, sea creatures and that which does not have blood as long as it did not emanate from impurity. • When using the lavatory one is recommended to repeat the supplications reported in such conditions, 51 International University in Latin America forwarding his left foot when he enters and his right when he departs. • One should not enter with anything bearing the mention of Allah except for a need. • If one is in the outdoors, he must go far and screen himself, seek a soft spot to urinate on, and should not urinate in a hole, groove, path, beneficial shade or under a fruitful tree. • He must not face or give his back to the qiblah, but this would be permissible indoors - according to Ibn Omar - and that is especially if one had no choice in such a design. • People who usually have remains of urine in the urethra are recommended to milk the penis and then shake it off, otherwise, they should not. • One should not touch his penis with the right hand or use it when wiping himself with stones, tissues or the like. • One should wipe himself odd times and can wash himself thereafter. However, wiping suffices him unless the filth goes beyond the usual area it touches. • Every pure substance that could remove the filth may be used for wiping, except for excrements of animals, bones and sacred substances. 52 International University in Latin America Self-assessment Questions Essay Questions: