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Death of Aminah bint Wahb

...the care of his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib, the chief of Quraysh and custodian of the Ka'bah.

Death of Abd al-Muttalib

...in Mecca at the age of about 82. He had been the chief of Quraysh, guardian of Zamzam, and custodian of the Ka'bah. On his ...

War of Fijar (Sacrilegious War)

A series of battles broke out between the Quraysh alliance (Kinana) and the Qays Aylan tribes during the sa...

Hilf al-Fudul (Pact of the Virtuous)

After the War of Fijar, several Qurayshi clans formed a pact at the house of Abdullah ibn Jud'an ...

Marriage to Khadijah bint Khuwaylid

...dijah bint Khuwaylid, a wealthy and respected merchant of Quraysh who was about 40 years old. She had been impressed by his...

Rebuilding of the Ka'bah and the Black Stone Dispute

... was about 35, the Ka'bah was damaged by flooding and the Quraysh rebuilt it. A dispute arose over which clan would have th...

Revelation of Surah al-Fatiha

...uently recited passage in Islam, required in every unit of prayer. It encapsulates the essence of the Quran: praise of Alla...

Gatherings at Dar al-Arqam

...f Islamic learning where the Prophet recited Quran, taught prayers, and strengthened the faith of early Muslims. Many notab...

Public Declaration of Islam

... (26:214). He ascended Mount Safa and called the clans of Quraysh by name, asking if they would believe him if he warned of...

Persecution of Early Muslims

The Quraysh intensified their persecution of Muslims, especially thos...

Conversion of al-Tufayl ibn Amr al-Dawsi

... of the Daws tribe of southern Arabia, came to Mecca. The Quraysh warned him against listening to Muhammad, and he stuffed ...

Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib Accepts Islam

...l-Muttalib, the Prophet's uncle and a renowned warrior of Quraysh, accepted Islam in the sixth year of prophethood. He was ...

Umar ibn al-Khattab Accepts Islam

...he Prophet exclaimed 'Allahu Akbar' and the Muslims openly prayed at the Ka'bah for the first time.

Second Migration to Abyssinia

...in the second wave, led by Ja'far ibn Abi Talib. When the Quraysh sent Amr ibn al-As to demand the Negus return the refugee...

Boycott of Banu Hashim

The Quraysh imposed a total social and economic boycott on Banu Hashi...

10 BHYear of Sorrow

...gh he did not accept Islam, had shielded the Prophet from Quraysh's worst violence. Their deaths left the Prophet without h...

27 Rajab, 1 BHThe Night Journey and Ascension (Isra and Mi'raj)

...em (al-Isra) on al-Buraq. There he led all the prophets in prayer. He then ascended through the seven heavens (al-Mi'raj), ...

Safar, 1 AHQuraysh Plot to Assassinate the Prophet

As Muslims began migrating to Medina, the Quraysh convened at Dar al-Nadwah to decide the Prophet's fate. A...

1 Rabi al-Awwal, 1 AHThe Hijrah: Migration to Medina

...hey hid in Cave Thawr south of Mecca for three days while Quraysh searched for them. Abu Bakr's daughter Asma brought food,...

8 Rabi al-Awwal, 1 AHArrival at Quba and Building of Quba Mosque

...s from the first day' (9:108). The Prophet later said that praying two rak'ahs in Masjid Quba equals the reward of an Umrah...

12 Rabi al-Awwal, 1 AHFirst Friday (Jumu'ah) Prayer

...in the valley of Ranuna and led the first Jumu'ah (Friday) prayer. About one hundred Muslims participated in this historic ...

1 AHConstitution of Medina

... community, Jewish tribes (Banu Qaynuqa, Banu Nadir, Banu Qurayza), and pagan Arabs of Medina. It declared all signatories ...

1 AHInstitution of the Adhan (Call to Prayer)

The Muslims discussed how to call people to prayer, considering bells (Christian) and horns (Jewish) before ...

Sha'ban, 2 AHChange of Qiblah from Jerusalem to Mecca

For about 16 or 17 months after the Hijrah, Muslims prayed facing Jerusalem (Bayt al-Maqdis). The Prophet ﷺ yearned ...

Revelation of Surah al-Baqarah

...eriod in Medina. It addresses a wide range of legislation: prayer, fasting, Hajj, marriage, divorce, commerce, inheritance,...

17 Ramadan, 2 AHBattle of Badr

...ary encounter between 313 Muslims and approximately 1,000 Qurayshi fighters at the wells of Badr. Despite being outnumbered...

Ramadan, 2 AHDeath of Ruqayyah, Daughter of the Prophet

...ulthum in marriage to Uthman, earning him the title 'Dhun-Nurayn' (Possessor of Two Lights) for marrying two daughters of t...

15 Ramadan, 3 AHBirth of al-Hasan ibn Ali

...ise.' He would carry al-Hasan on his shoulders even during prayers.

7 Shawwal, 3 AHBattle of Uhud

The Quraysh returned with 3,000 fighters led by Abu Sufyan to avenge ...

4 AHProhibition of Alcohol (Khamr)

...as greater (2:219). Then Muslims were told not to approach prayer while intoxicated (4:43). Finally, the decisive prohibiti...

Sha'ban, 5 AHBattle of Banu al-Mustaliq (al-Muraysi')

...f al-Harith ibn Abi Dirar. The Muslims struck first at al-Muraysi', a watering place, routing the tribe quickly with minima...

Shawwal, 5 AHBattle of the Trench (Khandaq)

...et convert, sowed distrust between the coalition and Banu Qurayza. A fierce storm finally scattered the confederate camp, a...

Dhul-Qi'dah, 5 AHSiege of Banu Qurayza

...he Battle of the Trench, the Prophet marched against Banu Qurayza, who had broken their treaty by conspiring with the Confe...

Dhul-Qi'dah, 5 AHDeath of Sa'd ibn Mu'adh

... wound he received during the Battle of the Trench. He had prayed to Allah not to die until the matter of Banu Qurayza was ...

Dhul-Qi'dah, 6 AHTreaty of Hudaybiyyah

...h in ihram, with no intention of war. At Hudaybiyyah, the Quraysh blocked their path. After negotiations, a ten-year peace ...

Dhul-Qi'dah, 6 AHBay'at al-Ridwan (Pledge Under the Tree)

...ing the Hudaybiyyah negotiations, a rumor spread that the Quraysh had killed the Muslim envoy Uthman ibn Affan. The Prophet...

Dhul-Qi'dah, 7 AHUmrah al-Qadiyyah (Fulfilled Umrah)

...Umrah they had been prevented from the previous year. The Quraysh evacuated to the surrounding hills and watched as the Mus...

Safar, 8 AHKhalid ibn al-Walid Accepts Islam

...fullah' (The Sword of Allah). His conversion deprived the Quraysh of their finest military strategist and gave the Muslims ...

8 AHQuraysh Violate the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah

Banu Bakr, allies of the Quraysh, attacked Banu Khuza'ah, allies of the Muslims, killing s...

Shawwal, 8 AHSiege of Ta'if

...panions asked him to curse the people of Ta'if. He instead prayed: 'O Allah, guide Thaqif and bring them to Islam.' Within ...

Dhul-Qi'dah, 8 AHDistribution of Hunayn Spoils at Ji'ranah

...yn at Ji'ranah. He gave generously to the newly converted Quraysh chiefs (mu'allafat al-qulub, those whose hearts were bein...

9 AHDestruction of Masjid al-Dirar

...ad allied with the Byzantines. They invited the Prophet to pray in it, but Allah revealed: 'And those who took a mosque for...

Ramadan, 9 AHDelegation of Thaqif and Acceptance of Islam by Ta'if

...h the Prophet refused. They also asked to be exempted from prayer, but the Prophet said: 'There is no good in a religion th...

Rajab, 9 AHDeath of the Negus (al-Najashi) of Abyssinia

...his companions: 'A righteous man has died today. Stand and pray for your brother Ashamah.' He led the funeral prayer (salat...

10 Rabi al-Awwal, 10 AHDeath of Ibrahim, Son of the Prophet

...for the death or birth of anyone.' He then led the eclipse prayer.

Safar, 11 AHFinal Illness of the Prophet

... could feel the heat through a cloth. He continued to lead prayers when able, and when too weak, appointed Abu Bakr to lead...

Abd al-Muttalib Rediscovers the Well of Zamzam

Abd al-Muttalib, the Prophet's grandfather and chief of Quraysh, was inspired through a dream to dig at a specific spot i...

Marriage of Abdullah and Aminah

...bdullah was the youngest son of Abd al-Muttalib, chief of Quraysh, and had narrowly escaped being sacrificed by his father ...

Umar Receives the Keys of Jerusalem

...Umar guaranteeing their safety and property. He refused to pray in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, fearing future Muslims...

Caliphate of Ali ibn Abi Talib

...ty. Ali was assassinated by the Kharijite Ibn Muljam while praying Fajr in Kufa's mosque.

Digital Age of Islamic Knowledge

... sacred texts freely accessible worldwide. Mobile apps for prayer times, Quran recitation, and Islamic education reached bi...

40 AHAssassination of Ali ibn Abi Talib

... the Kharijite Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muljam while leading Fajr prayer at the mosque of Kufa. He died two days later. His assass...

96 AHConstruction of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus

...ctural standard for mosques with its monumental courtyard, prayer hall, and minarets.

74 AHConstruction of Al-Aqsa Mosque

...ck. It became the third holiest mosque in Islam, where one prayer equals 500 prayers elsewhere according to hadith. Al-Aqsa...

421 AHAl-Biruni's Study of India

Abu Rayhan al-Biruni completed his Kitab al-Hind (The Book of India...

850 AHDiscovery and Spread of Coffee in the Muslim World

...i mystics were among the first to use coffee for nighttime prayers.

Hashim ibn Abd Manaf Establishes Trade Routes

...Muhammad, established the two great trade caravans of the Quraysh referenced in Surah Quraysh: the winter journey to Yemen ...

Abd al-Muttalib's Vow to Sacrifice His Son

...phet's father and Abd al-Muttalib's most beloved son. The Quraysh intervened, urging him to find an alternative. A wise wom...

Details of the Hilf al-Fudul Covenant

...s. Al-Zubayr ibn Abd al-Muttalib rallied several clans of Quraysh, including Banu Hashim, Banu al-Muttalib, Banu Asad, Banu...

Second Trading Journey to Syria for Khadijah

...dijah bint Khuwaylid, a wealthy and respected merchant of Quraysh, hired the young Muhammad to lead her trade caravan to Sy...

Conversion of Ali ibn Abi Talib

...ld at the time. When he came upon the Prophet and Khadijah praying together, he asked what they were doing. The Prophet inv...

Conversion of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq

... the Prophet's closest friend and a respected merchant of Quraysh from Banu Taym, accepted Islam immediately upon hearing t...

Conversion of Uthman ibn Affan

...rst Ruqayyah and then Umm Kulthum, earning the title Dhun-Nurayn (Possessor of Two Lights). He became the third Rightly Gui...

Conversion of Talhah ibn Ubaydullah

.... His clansman Nawfal ibn Khuwaylid, known as the lion of Quraysh, tied Talhah and Abu Bakr together with a rope and tortur...

Conversion of Bilal ibn Rabah

...t later appointed Bilal as the first mu'adhdhin (caller to prayer) in Islam, his powerful voice calling the believers to wo...

Torture of Ammar ibn Yasir and His Family

...ar were subjected to severe torture by Abu Jahl and other Quraysh leaders. They were taken out to the scorching desert at m...

Revelation of Surah al-Masad Against Abu Lahab

...rophet ascended Mount Safa and called out to the clans of Quraysh, warning them of severe punishment if they did not worshi...

Conversion and Persecution of Khabbab ibn al-Aratt

...k to force him to renounce his faith, but he refused. The Quraysh would drag him over burning coals until the fat of his ba...

Quraysh Delegations to Abu Talib

As the Prophet's message gained followers, the Quraysh leaders sent multiple delegations to Abu Talib demanding ...

Quraysh Offers the Prophet Kingship and Wealth

Utbah ibn Rabi'ah, one of the Quraysh chiefs, approached the Prophet with a series of offers me...

Details of the Boycott of Banu Hashim

When the Quraysh failed to stop the Prophet through persuasion and threats...

A Group of Jinn Accept Islam at Nakhla

... at Nakhla (a valley between Mecca and Ta'if), he stood in prayer during the night reciting the Quran. A group of jinn pass...

1 AHDetailed Provisions of the Constitution of Medina

...am); neighbors had the same rights as one's own self; the Quraysh and their allies were excluded from protection; and eithe...

1 AHTreaty with Banu Qaynuqa

...ain from hostility against the Muslims and not to aid the Quraysh. Banu Qaynuqa controlled the main marketplace of Medina a...

1 AHTreaty with Banu Nadir

...ternal attack. They were also required not to support the Quraysh against the Muslims. Their chief, Huyayy ibn Akhtab, was ...

1 AHTreaty with Banu Qurayza

Banu Qurayza, the third major Jewish tribe of Medina, entered into a t...

1 AHExpedition of Hamzah to the Coastal Route

...d al-Muttalib with thirty Muhajirun riders to intercept a Quraysh caravan led by Abu Jahl near the coast of the Red Sea at ...

1 AHExpedition of Ubaydah ibn al-Harith to Rabiigh

...r Rabiigh on the route to Mecca. They encountered a large Quraysh force of two hundred men led by Abu Sufyan ibn Harb (or I...

2 AHExpedition of Abdullah ibn Jahsh to Nakhla

...akhla, between Mecca and Ta'if, to gather intelligence on Quraysh activities. He gave Abdullah a sealed letter with instruc...

3 AHAssassination of Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf

...Muslim victory at Badr, he traveled to Mecca to mourn the Quraysh dead and compose inciting poetry urging them to take reve...

4 AHThe Tragedy at Bi'r Ma'unah

... the treacherous tribes for thirty consecutive days in his prayer (qunut al-nazilah). This was one of the greatest losses t...

4 AHThe Incident at al-Raji'

...ing place belonging to the Hudhayl tribe, the delegation betrayed them and summoned a hundred archers from Banu Lihyan. The...

4 AHExpedition of Badr al-Maw'id (The Promised Badr)

...ndsomely. The expedition was a psychological victory: the Quraysh's failure to show up demonstrated their weakening resolve...

5 AHDetailed Account of the Banu Mustaliq Expedition

...ively marched with his army to their watering place at al-Muraysi. The Muslims launched a swift attack, routing Banu Mustal...

5 AHHuyayy ibn Akhtab Convinces Banu Qurayza to Break Their Treaty

...adir went to the fortress of Ka'b ibn Asad, chief of Banu Qurayza, to convince him to break the treaty with the Prophet. Ka...

5 AHNu'aym ibn Mas'ud's Strategic Deception

...e enemy, for war is deception.' Nu'aym went first to Banu Qurayza, with whom he had a pre-Islamic friendship, and warned th...

5 AHDetailed Account of the Siege of Banu Qurayza

...w, the Prophet marched directly to the fortresses of Banu Qurayza, who had committed treason during the siege. The Prophet ...

6 AHExpedition Against Banu Lihyan

...reacherous role in the al-Raji' incident, where they had betrayed and killed Muslim teachers. The Prophet kept his destinat...

4 AHExpedition of Dhat al-Riqa'

...and no battle took place. During this expedition, the fear prayer (salat al-khawf) was first performed: the army split into...

7 AHMilitary Expeditions After the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah

After the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah secured peace with the Quraysh, the Prophet focused on consolidating Muslim power by sen...

7 AHThe Prophet's Letter to the Negus of Abyssinia

...d, the Prophet informed his companions and led the funeral prayer in absentia (salat al-gha'ib) for him in Medina, saying: ...

7 AHThe Prophet's Letter to al-Muqawqis of Egypt

...atib ibn Abi Balta'ah to deliver a letter to al-Muqawqis (Jurayj ibn Mina), the Coptic ruler of Egypt. The letter invited h...

8 AHAbu Sufyan Accepts Islam Before the Conquest of Mecca

...and men, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, the long-time leader of the Quraysh opposition, ventured out to gather intelligence. He was c...

8 AHDestruction of the Idols Around the Ka'bah

...n made of aloe wood inside and broke it with his hands. He prayed two rak'ahs inside the Ka'bah. Bilal then ascended to the...

8 AHGeneral Amnesty on the Day of the Conquest of Mecca

After the conquest, the Prophet gathered the Quraysh at the Ka'bah and asked: 'O people of Quraysh, what do yo...

8 AHDetailed Account of the Siege of Ta'if

...drew. Companions asked him to curse Thaqif, but instead he prayed: 'O Allah, guide Thaqif and bring them to Islam.' Within ...

8 AHSecret Preparations for the Conquest of Mecca

After the Quraysh violated the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah by supporting their al...

9 AHDetailed Account of the Thaqif Delegation

...years (then two, then one, then one month), exemption from prayer, and permission to keep their interest-based transactions...

10 AHTeaching of Hajj Rituals During the Farewell Pilgrimage

...f Dhul-Hijjah (Yawm al-Tarwiyah), he proceeded to Mina and prayed the shortened prayers. On the 9th, he went to Arafat, com...

11 AHBeginning of the Prophet's Final Illness

... severe headache and fever. He initially continued leading prayers and visiting his wives' apartments in rotation, but the ...

11 AHThe Prophet Appoints Abu Bakr to Lead the Prayer

...lness made it difficult for him to lead the congregational prayers, he instructed: 'Tell Abu Bakr to lead the people in pra...

12 Rabi al-Awwal 11 AHDetailed Account of the Prophet's Death

...in of Aisha's apartment and looked out at the congregation praying Fajr behind Abu Bakr. The companions saw his face, radia...

11 AHThe Meeting at Saqifah of Banu Sa'idah

...rguing that the Arabs would only accept a leader from the Quraysh, the Prophet's own tribe. He proposed either Umar or Abu ...

11 AHBurial of the Prophet

...is last in Aisha's apartment. Muslims entered in groups to pray over him individually, without a single imam leading. He wa...

Conversion of Abu Dharr al-Ghifari

...d but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah!' The Quraysh beat him severely until Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib interve...

8 AHThe Story of Suhayl ibn Amr and His Journey to Islam

Suhayl ibn Amr of the Quraysh was one of the most eloquent orators and staunchest oppon...

3 AHThe Prophet's Marriage to Hafsah bint Umar

...Hafsah was known for her learning, devotion to fasting and prayer, and her literacy. After the Prophet's death, the master ...

4 AHThe Prophet's Marriage to Umm Salamah

...ildren. The Prophet replied: 'As for your jealousy, I will pray to Allah to remove it. As for your age, I am older than you...

10 AHDeath of Ibrahim, Son of the Prophet

...for the death or birth of anyone. When you see an eclipse, pray and supplicate to Allah.' This incident demonstrated the Pr...

5 AHThe Story of Salman al-Farisi's Search for Truth

...etween his shoulders.' Salman traveled to Arabia but was betrayed and sold into slavery to a Jewish man in Medina. When the...

3 AHExpedition to Hamra al-Asad After Uhud

...ophet called the believers to march out in pursuit of the Quraysh. He specifically ordered that only those who had fought a...

6 AHUmm Salamah's Crucial Advice at Hudaybiyyah

... by the treaty terms (which appeared to heavily favor the Quraysh) that not a single person moved to obey. The Prophet repe...

1-10 AHThe Prophet's Night Worship and Devotional Life

...nary devotional routine. He would stand in voluntary night prayer (tahajjud) for so long that his feet would swell. Aisha o...

1-10 AHThe Prophet's Kindness to Children

...randsons al-Hasan and al-Husayn, sometimes even during the prayer, setting them down and continuing. Al-Aqra' ibn Habis saw...

The Story of Dimad al-Azdi's Encounter with the Prophet

...ed ruqyah (spiritual healing). When he came to Mecca, the Quraysh told him that Muhammad was possessed (majnun) and suggest...

10 AHThe Mubahalah with the Christians of Najran

...our women, ourselves and yourselves, then let us earnestly pray and invoke the curse of Allah upon the liars' (Al Imran 3:6...

Detailed Account of the Night Journey to Jerusalem

..., entered the mosque, and led all the previous prophets in prayer, establishing the spiritual centrality of both Mecca and ...