. J '1 J (cont.)

On account of these blasphemies, Khaalid al-Qasri, the governor of Iraq, killed him. Jahm ibn Safwaan [1.JI..,&.- p ]: Jahm ibn Safwan was the founder of the Jahmiyah. He was born in Khurasan and lived his early years in Tirmidh. He debated with Buddhists, leading him to complete skepticism. After forty days he regained faith in God but, following Jad ibn Dirham, he denied that God had attributes over and above His Essence. He also denied freedom of will and the eternity of Paradise and Hell. He was killed in a battle against the Umayyads. Kamali, Mohammad Hashim: Dr. Kamali is a Professor of Law at the International Islamic University in Malaysia. He has been teaching there since 1 985. He was born into a religious family in Afghanistan in 1 944. His work, Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence, is one of the most comprehensive introductions to Islamic legal theory available in English. Al-Khateeb al-Baghdaadi [i;.ilII I]: Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Ali, known as Al­ Khateeb al-Baghdaadi, (392/1002-463/1072) was an expert in the science of knowing the narrators. He compiled the work Tareekh Baghdaad which is a voluminous work on the narrators of hadith who had lived in or passed through Baghdad. He compiled about 56 books on almost every aspect of the hadith sciences. For example, he wrote a work on travelling in search of hadith as well as one on how to transmit hadith. His best known work in the field of hadith was probably al-Kifaaya fl ilm al-Riwaaya. He left the Hanbali school of thought and joined the Shafi'ee school of thought and he had to suffer the consequences of such a change. He was known as the haafidh (preserver of knowledge) of the East while his contemporary ibn Abdul Barr was known as the haafidh of the West. Al-Khattaabi [-.r. 1]: Abu Sulaimaan Hamad ibn Muhammad al-Khattaabi came from Bust in Afghanistan. He traveled widely in search of religious knowledge, to Makkah, Basra, Baghdad and Naisaboor. He wrote an excellent commentary on Abu Dawood's Sunan, Maalim al-Sunan. This work has been quoted and used by all of the major hadith commentators who came afterwards. Al-Khallaal [J:'.lWI]: Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Khallaal (d. 3 10/922) was a leading scholar of hadith and a Hanbali jurist at Baghdad. Al-Laith ibn Saad [.i..... p 41]: Abu al-Haarith al-Laith ibn Saad (94/71 3175/791 ) was the most famous scholar of Egypt of his time and an eminent jurist. Al-Shafi'ee has said that he was a better jurist than Malik. He did not have excellent students like those of the other masters to develop his fiqh, so his fiqh soon died out. He was born in Khurasaan. He served as a judge in Cairo, where he died. Al-Laalakaai [\S.l)IJI]: Abu al-Qaasim Hibatullah ibn al-Hasan al-Tabari al-Laalakaai ( d. 418/1027) was a scholar of hadith, a Shafi 'i jurist and a theologian. He was originally from Iran but settled in Baghdad and died in Dinaur. His writings include Sharh Usool ltiqaad Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama 'ah, Madhahib Ahl al­ Sunnah, Kitaab Rijaal al-Sahaabah, Karamaat al-Auliyaa' and others. Maalik ibn Anas [JI p Commentary on the Forty Hadith of al-Nawawi Hasan al-Basri, ibn Seereen and others. He was known for his zuhd and insightful statements. Al-Maawardi, Abu al-Hasan Ali [t,>..i .. JJWI ÆI Y.I]: Al-Maawardi (364/974450/1058) was born in Basra and held important judicial posts under the Abbasid khaleefah al-Qaaim bi-Amri-llaah. He is one of the leading Shafi'ee scholars throughout history. He has written a large work on Shafi'ee fiqh entitled al-Haawi. He also wrote a very useful commentary on the Quran. However, he may be best known for his writing on the rules of government, Ahkaam al-Sultaaniyyah. Makhool [JÇ]: Abu Abdullah Makhool (d. 1 12/730) ibn Abu Muslim was born in Kabul, Afghanistan. He was a freed slave who dedicating his time to learning. He lived in Syria and was respected as one of its leading scholars. Maudoodi, Abul Ala [t,>..i.J..l_,.. YI Y.I]: Abu! Ala Maudoodi was a Muslim leader of this century and the founder of the Jamaat Islami in Pakistan. He passed away in 1979 C.E. Very active in trying to establish a true Islamic state, Maudoodi was imprisoned on a number of occasions. Maudoodi wrote numerous books and a large number of them have been translated into English. The goal of the Tafhim al-Quran, his commentary on the Quran, was to present the meaning of the Quran to the Urdu speaking populous of Pakistan/India in such a way that its meaning would be very clear to the masses. Two different translations (an earlier one and then a revised one with improved English) are available in English. Mistu, Muhy al-Deen [_,:;.... LJ:;.ll È]: Muhy al-Deen Mistu is a contemporary author living in Syria. He has written a number of works including, co-authored with Mustafa Bugha, a very useful commentary on al-Nawawi's Forty Hadith, Al­ Waafi fl Sharh al-Arbaeen al-Nawawiyah. He has also co-authored some simple works on fiqh based on the Shafi'ee school offiqh. He, with others, has also finished a commentary on al-Nawawi's Riyaadh al-Saaliheen.