. J '1 J (cont.)

He went to Baghdad and from there to Syria and then to Cairo. He died in Damascus in 630/1233. His writings include al-Ihkam fl Usu[ al-Ahkam and Muntaha al-Sul concerning legal theory and Ghayat al-Maramfl 'Ilm al-Kalam in theology. Ammaar ibn Yaasir [Y"'l: LY. ).-=]: Ammar ibn Yaasir al-Kanaani (d. 37/657) was one of the earliest Companions to embrace Islam. Both he and his parents suffered a great deal at the hands of the disbelieving Quraish. He built the fust mosque in Islam at Quba, was appointed governor of Kufah by 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, joined the army of ' Ali and was killed at the battle of Siffin. Anas ibn Maalik [࡭llt .. LY. u-Ul] - see p. 599. al-Arnaoot, Abdul Qaadir [.b_,.,;w_;YI _;..ili.ll Ɛ]: Abdul Qaadir al-Amaoot is a contemporary author whose family is from Bosnia. He is specialized in badith. His most important work to date is a critical edition of ibn al-Atheer's Jaami al-Usool fl al-Ahaadeeth al-Rasool, in which he discusses the grades of all of the hadith in that work. al-Arnaoot, Shuaib [.b_,.,;w_;YI Ƒ]: Shuaib al-Aranoot is a contemporary author whose family moved from Albania to Damascus, where he was born in 1928 C.E. He is one of the leading authorities in hadith today. Among his most important works is a complete critical rendition of ibn Hibbaan's Sahih. He, with a team of scholars, is currently publishing a critical edition of Imam Ahmad's Musnad. al-Ashari [(,.)DžYI] Abu al-Hasan (260/873-324/935) was the founder of the Asharite school of theology. Early in bis life, he was a student and follower of the famous Mutazilite theologian al-Jubbaa'i. However, at the age of forty he realized that the Mutazilite theology was in conflict with the Quran and sunnah. Therefore, he gave it up and developed a new theology. He found that his new theology was still somewhat influenced by his earlier thought and began to discard those ideas in favor of strict adherence to the texts of the Quran and sunnah, as followed by the early generations. In hi:.; last work, al­ lbaanah, he makes his position clear that he then adhered to the same path as that followed by Ahmad ibn Hanbal. Al-Ashqar, Umar [_;&.;;.YI _;-= ]: Umar al-Ashqar is a contemporary author who spent many years teaching in Kuwait but who is now teaching in Jordan. His Ph.D. is from al-Azhar University and it is about the concept of niyyah or intention. Ataa ibn Abu Ribaah [c'-u -r.l LY. £\..be.]: Ataa was born in the year 27 A.H. and died in 1 14 A.H. He narrated hadith from ibn Abbas, ibn Umar, Abdullah ibn Abbas and many others. He is said to have met two hundred of the Companions. He was the leading jurist in Makkah as his time. The narrations that have come Biographical Data down from Ataa on the authority of ibn Abbas, however, are much less than those from Saeed or Mujaahid. Al-Auzaa'ee [-rlj}il]: Abdul al-Rahmaan ibn Amr al-Awzai'ee (88/707-157/774) was the Imam of the Syrians in hadith and fiqh. He first lived at al-Awza in Damascus, then moved to Beirut where he died. He composed a book on hadith, and his fiqh dominated Spain for some time. Ayoob al-Sakhtiyaani [_,lƒI YJ:!l]: Abu Bakr Ayyoob al-Sakhtiyaani (66/685-131/748) was a great narrator of hadith and a leading jurist of Basra. He was extremely famous for his piety and simple living. Al-Baaji [ ".>.>:! Ɠ\.1.JI]: Baibars (625/1228-686/1277) was of the Kipchak Turks from the northern side of the Black Sea. He was a slave who was finally bought by Sultan al-Saalih Najm al-Deen Ayyoob, of the Ayyoobi rulers in Egypt. He became close to al-Saalih who freed him. Baibars became an excellent warrior and general. He won many battles against the Mongols and crusaders. He arranged to kill the Muslim leader Qutuz and he seized the throne, becoming the fourth of the Mamluk rulers. He was the ruler during a portion of al-Nawawi's life and it was he who al-Nawawi came into conflict with on occasion. Al-Bugha, Mustafa [tA,.11 Ɣ]: Mustafa al-Bugha is a contemporary author living in Syria. He has written a number of works including, co-authored with Muhyi al­ Deen Mistu, a very useful commentary on al-Nawawi's Forty Hadith, Al-Waafl fl Sharh al-Arbaeen al-Nawawiyah. He has also co-authored some simple works on fiqh based on the Shafi'ee school of fiqh. He, with others, has also finished a commentary on al-Nawawi's Riyaadh al-Saaliheen. al-Bukhari, Muhammad ibn lsmaaeel [».JചI J.!C.L...J tJ.! ª] - see pp. 1 71-172. Al-Daaraqutni [_,;J..i).ll ] - see pp. 1 1221 1 23. Al-Daarimi [_,...).ll ] - see pp. 1039-1040. al-Dhahabi [...,.:ill]: Muhammad al-Dhahabi (673/1274-748/1348) was one of the greatest scholars and critic of hadith and a distinguished historian. He lived and died in Damascus.