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w 3 3 '· · ...u IJ Ȭ J ,. . ઀ -T""" ,. .J :.. ව 3 r-' ,. u.Y .r.. u..,. ,,.. ,, ,J .... .... J : ,,,. "/ .... ., ,.:' ,, 0µ1 Ν bjij lci o:J4\ d 1;1)"; ej oǒ "And those who accuse chaste women and produce not four witnesses, flog them with eighty stripes and reject their testimony forever. They are the evildoers" (al-Noor 4). In the case of other crimes for which there is a stipulated legal punishment, like theft or alcohol consumption, two just and righteous men are sufficient to conclude that a person is guilty. Allah says in the Quran, } ,. ,. À ÁÂ tSJ? lJfij "And take as witness two just persons among you" (al-Talaaq 2). The Shafi' ees say that this condition of two witnesses is for every case that does not deal with wealth or money. Hence, it is for cases like marriage and divorce. In those cases, they state that one must have two witnesses to confirm those acts. 1 In the case of matters related to wealth or money transactions, such as sales, renting and so forth, the witnesses required to prove a case are two male witnesses or one male witness and two females. This is based on the Quranic verse, J ,,.. J ,,._ ..i.,.. ..,k ƌ ' ,.,. . . :1:.,. G