. J '-Ɵ  (cont.)

Ǯ A ࣢ r...f!:"' # u..r---:- J =..WI On the authority of the Commander of the Faithful Abu Hafs Umar ibn al-Khattaab who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) saying, "Surely, all actions are but driven by intentions and, verily, every man shall have but that which he intended. Thus, he whose migration was for Allah and His Messenger, [then] his migration was for Allah and His Messenger; and he whose migration was to achieve some worldly benefit or to take a woman in marriage, his migration was for that which he migrated." This was related by the two Imams of the scholars of hadith, Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn lsmaaeel ibn Ibraaheem ibn al-Mugheerah ibn Bardizbah al-Bukhari and Muslim ibn al-Hajjaaj ibn Muslim al-Qushairi al91 Commentary on the Forty Hadith of al-Nawawi Naisaboori in their collections of authentic hadith which are the most authentic works compiled. 1 Selected Vocabulary we - "on the authority of' CJ:!1o_j..ll ...J:!Al - "Commander of the Faithful," this was a term that was used for the khaleefah or Muslim ruler. ৏ ...,;l - "the Father ofHafs," this is typical naming in Arabic. JI:! - "he said" or so and so "said" ࣞ - "I heard." Ail J_,... _; - "The Messenger of Allah" ਍.J "-;!le. Ail ࡽ- "Blessings of Allah and peace be upon him" J_,i,i - "saying" W) - "Certainly... only." "Surely... but by." This expression contains the implication both of emphasis and exclusiveness. JL.c. \ti - deeds, actions; plural of J=. u\,i.ill; - This is a compound word or phrase. The y here stands for "by", "with" or "according to." Some also say that the y is sababiyah, which implies a causal relationship in the sentence between actions and intentions. That is, "Actions are 'caused by' intentions," or the intention is the driving force behind the action. u\,i.ill is "the intentions," plural of intention :i.,U. J$.l - This is also a compound word. The J here means "for" and þ means every. ts.>"\ - "Man." The feminine form is ;;l.Y'I, which is also mentioned later in this hadith. L. - "whatever," used, in general, for inaminate objects. i.S_i> - "he intended." W...S - This is also a compound. The u stands for "thus" or "therefore". LiA means "whoever" and is almost always used for beings with life as opposed to L. which is generally used for inanimate objects, as mentioned above . ...:.u\S - Third person, past tense, singular, feminine form of the verb "to be". 1A discussion of this hadith could fill an entire book. Besides the many commentaries on the forty hadith of al-Nawawi as well as other books of hadith commentary, there are a number of works that are written solely about this hadith. Umar al-Ashqar's Ph. D. dissertation, Muqaasid al-Mukalifeen feemaa Yutaabbadu bihi Ii-Rabb al-Alaameen au al-Niyyaat fl al-Ibadaat (Kuwait: Maktabah al-Falaah, 1981 ), is, in essence, entirely a discussion of this hadith. Another excellent work on "intention" is Ahmad ibn Idrees al-Qaraafi, Al-Umniyyah fl Adrak al-Niyyah (Makkah: Daar al-Baaz, 1984). lbn Taimiya's commentary on this hadith involves a number of points not mentioned in this commentary. His commentary may be found in the following of his works: Majmoo Fataawa ibn Taimiya, vol. 18, pp. 244-285; Sharh hadith Innama al-Amal bi1-Niyyat wa lnnama lukilli Amri ma Nawa (Cairo: Maktaba al-Salaam al-Alamiya, 1981); llm al­ Hadith (Makkah: Daar al-Baz, 1985), pp. 168-200. Saalih al-Sadlaan also has two works related to this hadith. One is a small work hadith lnnamaa al-Amaal bi-1-Niyyaat: Diraasah wa Takhreej wa Dhabt wa Taleeq (Riyadh: Daar al-Watn, 1414 A.H.). This is incorporated into his larger work, of two volumes, al-Niyyah wa Atharaha fl al-Ahkaam al-Shariyyah (Riyadh: Daar Aalam al-Kutub, 1993). Only some of the more important points related to this hadith will be covered here. Hadith #1 : All Actions are but by Intentions . . . ..,.:; fi-1'> - The word 0 fi-1'> means to abandon something. Here, it refers to the emigration where one abandons the lands of the disbelievers for the land of Islam. The • at the end is a type of pronoun meaning, "his". u-l! - The most common usage of this word is "to" but here it would be difficult to translate it so literally . .\.l_,..,..J - "His Messenger." The • at the end represents the "His" portion. Ɲ.l.! - This is a compound. The J here means "for the sake of'. Ɲ..i means the worldly life. ৎ - This refers to achieving or getting something. ্ - "he marries her". Takhreej 1 This hadith was recorded by al-Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawood, al­ Tirmidhi, al-Nasaai, ibn Maajah, Ahmad, al-Tahaawi (in Sharh Maani al­ Athaar), al-Daaraqutni, ibn Khuzaima, ibn Hibbaan, ibn Asakeer, ibn al­ Jarood, al-Baihaqi, Abu Awaana, Abu Nuaim and many others. In fact, ibn Muhammad lists over ninety works of hadith that record this hadith with their chains back to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).2 As can be seen above, this hadith is recorded in practically all of the major works of hadith.