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J ·'· Z\ ࢳ 0 J .•. ; ࢴࢲI -. /-c Ȃ G1 ਆ5 Ż ; ,,. / ' ,,. ,,,,. / / t. / / / Ċ1;/I ߽ djjj ࠁ,;ࠂ/ .. ߼ fj 1 / ·ঘƄ ci ֕G "Our Lord, verily we have heard the call of one calling to faith, [saying,] 'Believe in your Lord,' and we have believed. Our Lord! Forgive (aghfir) us our sins and remit (kaffir) from us our evil deeds, and make us die in the state ofrighteousness along with the pious" (ali-Imraan 193). One of these terms is al-takfeer (ࢫ1). This has the implication of covering one's sins. However, this occurs after one has been punished for a deed or one has done something as an expiation for the sin. For example, the legal punishments are considered a kind of takfeer for the sin committed. This term is usually translated as "remit, expiate." When expiation is performed, the person receives no reward for the actual deed of expiation performed but he will also face no further punishment for the wrong he committed. If a person breaks an oath and frees a slave, the freeing of the slave expiated his sin of breaking his oath and there is no reward for him in freeing that slave. Hence, one may ask Allah to expiate his sins by the good deeds he performed or by other means. Al-magh.firah (•.fo..o.1 ), also implies the covering of one's sins as well as protection from their harm, but it also implies not being punished or held responsible in any way whatsoever for the deed. Some acts are acts of maghfirah and acts of reward in themselves. When a person walks to the mosque, that act removes sins from him and, on top of that, he is rewarded for that act itself. • Having "good manners" does not mean that one accepts everything that everybody else does and continues to treat them all the same. Some people think that they have good behavior when they accept the sins and heresies of others. They never try to correct others as they fear that such would be impolite behavior. As was stated earlier, the correct good and Islamic behavior is that which is based on the shareeah and the example of the Prophet (peace be upon him). The Prophet (peace be upon him) would not be silent if the laws of Allah were violated. Indeed, he would get angry and his anger could clearly be seen. Hence, not speaking out in the presence of wrong, sins and innovations is not a part of correct Islamic behavior. It is only Satan that deceives people into thinking that such is good and nice behavior. Instead, the good and nice behavior towards others is to advise Commentary on the Forty Hadith of al-Nawawi them when they are wrong. It is to show them kindly that what they are doing goes against the Quran and sunnah. It is to demonstrate to them that their behavior is not acceptable. Summary of the Hadith • One must have taqwa of Allah under all circumstances. For example, wherever he may be, whether he be alone or with others, he must have taqwa. • Even a person of taqwa may slip and commit sins. However, he should not persist in those sins. Instead, he should follow them up with good deeds that will wipe them away by the grace and mercy of Allah. • An essential characteristic of taqwa is to behave with people in a good manner. One should behave towards them in a manner that he likes for them to behave towards him. Hadith #1 9: "Young man, I shall teach you some words ... " Hadith #1 9 "Young man, I shall teach you some words . . . " ' .... ,,,. rP ,,.,. ߻ft ѩáѪI J .iil Jl ߹ߺ ࢟f oਃ ill ѫI .... .... .... .... .... J ,... .... ,,,. .... rP ,... ,... -- ౏r· .a.'J •. " adds the concept of seeking such help. - "they benefit you" - "recorded it" - "for you" - "they harm you" 1 Lane, vol. 2, pp. 2286-2287. u...i.J l")liYI ui;.. ࢫI ৐L.l .. t.:..)1 •.i..!.1 ࢪ y.a.ll y...:JI ࢧ_Jill yfill y.-.11 ࢬI Hadith #1 9: "Young man, I shall teach you some words ... " - "have been lifted" - "the pens," singular for "the pen" is r-1"1 - "have dried" - "the pages" - "in front of you" - "prosperity" - "adversity, hardship" - "certainly going to afflict you," the J is for stress - "victory" - "patience" - "relief' - "affliction, hardship," al-Nawawi defined it as a "harsh trial"' - "hardship" - "ease" Takhreej This hadith has been narrated from ibn Abbaas through a number of different chains with a number of different wordings. For the most part, the wordings are fairly close, with just some additions or deletions. The conclusion is that the first narration mentioned above is sahih due to its numerous different chains and supporting evidences.