. J'..; j ':}I . ':}( ஋ (cont.)

The second type of tauheed, tauheed in actions and intention, is described in al-Kafirun (chapter 109), in the verse, "Say: 0 People of the Book, let us agree to a statement that is fair and just between you and us ... " (3:64), in the first and last parts of Tanzi[ al-Kitab (chapter 39), in the beginning, middle and end of Yunus (chapter 10), in the beginning and endinஇ of al-Araaf (chapter 7) and the whole of al-Anaam (chapter 6). Figure 2.3 is a graphical representation of this conceptualization of tauheed. The two basic or general categories are quite basic and simple to understand. To understand them fully, they have been divided into separate subsections. In this way of discussing tauheed, specific emphasis is given to some issues that are grouped together under the three categories of tauheed mentioned earlier. 1 These are the author's terminology but they fairly reflect what is meant by the concepts. 2 ibn Abu-1-Izz, vol. 1, p. 42. Again, virtually the same words may be found in ibn al-Qayyim, Madaarij, vol. 3, p. 449. Hadith #2: The Hadith of Jibreel Al-Tauheed I .i.,>-_,:.11 "Tauheed In Practice" "Tauheed In Thacry'' At-Tauheed al-Amati (.}-JI J.,,.>-_rll) Al-Tsu heed s2llmi (,..WI _.,..,di) Tauheed al-lbaadah ,1 ... l,al1 J.,,.>-,.-, Tauheed al-ltiqaad pw.অ1 ...,.. j) (Tauheed with respect to one's deeds and (Tauheed with respect to what one worship) acknowledges and believes) I I I I TauheedalI Tauheeda!- lfraad Allah bi-Ilfraad Allah bi-Ilfraad Allah bi/- Tauheed al-Afaal Hukrn Nusuk Wf11aayah Dhast Sifaat JW)rl ..J..?-j p4 Ji\ JI)! .,!.L.J4 .li1 .:i\)I .ill Jl)l .;.il.iJl J.,,>-j .:.A4..-l1 J.,,.>-j -࣌}\ I I This refers to This refers to Allah's attributes Allah is unique in Allah being being unique to His actions. No A believer's unique and one Him, no one one can act in a Allah is the only loyalties and shares them with manner similar One who has the All acts and rites love must be in His Essence. Him. His to Allah legitimate right to of worship and based on the Allah is separate, distinct attributes are as whatsoever. He lay down devotion must guidance Of the mentioned in the is the sole legislation and to be directed to Quran and and exalted from Quran and Creator and the prescribe a Allah and Allah sunnah. One His creation. His Essence is One sunnah, without only one who shareeah or way alone. should love and and no one Is any distortion, truly nourishes of tife. hate for the sake similar to Him. reinterpretation and sustains this of Allah. or denial of creation. them. Figure 2.3 Graphical Representation of the Division of Tauheed into Two Categories (1) "Tauheed in Theory": This category of tauheed is actually known by many names, including al-tauheed al- 'ilmi al-khabari al- 'itiqaadi (tauheed with respect to what one knows and believes to be true), tauheed al- 'itiqaad (tauheed with respect to what one believes) and tauheed al-marafah wa al­ ithbaat (tauheed with respect to what one recognizes and affirms of Allah). This category of tauheed can also be divided into three subcategories: tauheed al-dhaat (the Oneness of Allah with respect to His being and essence, that He is separate and distinct from His creation); tauheed al-sifaat (the Oneness of Allah with respect to His attributes, which are unique unto Him alone); tauheed al-afaal (the Oneness of Allah with respect to His actions, being the sole Creator of the Universe and the One who nourishes it). These are shown and defined in Figure 2.2. In essence, the topics covered under this branch of tauheed are the same as those discussed under tauheed al-ruboobiyah and tauheed al-asma wa al-sifaat. (2) "Tauheed in Practice": This branch of tauheed is also known by other names, including tauheed al-talab wa al-qasd (tauheed with respect to one's goal and purpose; that is, one's goal and purpose is to worship Allah Commentary on the Forty Hadith of al-Nawawi alone), tauheed al- 'ibaadah (tauheed with respect to one's ibaadah or acts of worship; that is, one worships Allah and Allah alone) and al-tauheed al- ' amali (tauheed with respect to one's deeds; that is, one only performs the deeds that are pleasing and acceptable to Allah). This branch of tauheed is often divided into three subcategories. Each of these subcategories form an essential and necessary aspect of implementing tauheed in one's life. These three can be characterized in the following statements: (a) Ifraad Allah bi-l-Nusuk (making Allah the only object of one's ritual acts of worship); (b) Ifraad Allah bi-l-Hukm (submitting oneself only to the commands and revelation coming from Allah); and (c) Ifraad Allah bi-l­ Walaayah (submitting one's loyalties and love to the commands and guidance of the revelation of Allah). Each of these three shall be discussed separately. (a) lfraad Allah bi-1-Nusuk (making Allah the only object of one's ritual acts of worship): Every rite of worship must be done solely for the sake of Allah, according to His commands and seeking His pleasure. Allah says in the Quran, ঀ- ..!., ৌ ३- . l.::i\ : ..