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Year of the Elephant

...e to his cathedral in Sana'a. As the army approached Mecca, Allah sent flocks of birds (Ababil) carrying stones of baked clay...

Khadijah Becomes the First Believer

... trembling and she comforted him with her famous words: 'By Allah, Allah will never disgrace you. You maintain ties of kinshi...

Revelation of Surah al-Fatiha

...prayer. It encapsulates the essence of the Quran: praise of Allah, affirmation of His sovereignty, the Day of Judgment, the p...

Public Declaration of Islam

After three years of secret preaching, Allah commanded the Prophet ﷺ to proclaim Islam publicly with the...

Conversion of al-Tufayl ibn Amr al-Dawsi

...e Prophet to curse them, but the Prophet instead prayed: 'O Allah, guide Daws.' Eventually the entire tribe accepted Islam.

Umar ibn al-Khattab Accepts Islam

...r al-Arqam and declared his shahada. The Prophet exclaimed 'Allahu Akbar' and the Muslims openly prayed at the Ka'bah for the...

Boycott of Banu Hashim

...ites ate the unjust document, leaving only 'In Your Name, O Allah.'

Rajab, 10 BHDeath of Abu Talib

...Prophet visited him and pleaded: 'O uncle, say La ilaha ill-Allah, a statement with which I can defend you before Allah.' Abu...

Ramadan, 10 BHDeath of Khadijah bint Khuwaylid

...ge and 10 years of prophethood. Jibreel sent her salam from Allah and gave her glad tidings of a palace in Paradise of hollow...

Shawwal, 10 BHJourney to Ta'if

...ok shelter in a garden and made his famous supplication: 'O Allah, to You alone I complain of my weakness.' Allah sent Jibree...

Dhul-Hijjah, 1 BHFirst Pledge of Aqabah

...-Aqabah al-Ula. They pledged not to associate partners with Allah, not to steal, not to commit unlawful sexual intercourse, n...

Safar, 1 AHQuraysh Plot to Assassinate the Prophet

...he blood-guilt so no single clan could be held responsible. Allah revealed their plot to the Prophet: 'And when those who dis...

1 Rabi al-Awwal, 1 AHThe Hijrah: Migration to Medina

...ared the pursuers, the Prophet said: 'Do not grieve, indeed Allah is with us.' This migration marks the start of the Islamic ...

Sha'ban, 2 AHChange of Qiblah from Jerusalem to Mecca

...t al-Maqdis). The Prophet ﷺ yearned to face the Ka'bah, and Allah revealed: 'We have certainly seen the turning of your face ...

Sha'ban, 2 AHFasting of Ramadan Prescribed

In the second year of Hijrah, Allah prescribed fasting the month of Ramadan as an obligation up...

Revelation of Ayat al-Kursi

...Prophet ﷺ asked Ubayy ibn Ka'b: 'Which verse in the Book of Allah is the greatest?' and Ubayy replied with Ayat al-Kursi. The...

7 Shawwal, 3 AHMartyrdom of Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib at Uhud

...a ibn Abd al-Muttalib, the Prophet's uncle and the 'Lion of Allah,' was martyred at Uhud. Wahshi ibn Harb, an Abyssinian slav...

Rabi al-Awwal, 4 AHExpulsion of Banu Nadir

...et by dropping a boulder on him while he sat beside a wall. Allah informed the Prophet of the plot and he left immediately. H...

4 AHProhibition of Alcohol (Khamr)

The prohibition of alcohol was revealed in stages. First, Allah mentioned that there was sin and benefit in wine but the si...

Sha'ban, 5 AHThe Incident of al-Ifk (The Slander of Aisha)

...h, the Prophet ﷺ and the community endured this trial. Then Allah revealed ten verses in Surah an-Nur (24:11-20) completely e...

Dhul-Qi'dah, 5 AHDeath of Sa'd ibn Mu'adh

... received during the Battle of the Trench. He had prayed to Allah not to die until the matter of Banu Qurayza was settled, an...

5 AHMarriage of the Prophet to Zaynab bint Jahsh

...rrangement. The marriage was unhappy and Zayd divorced her. Allah then commanded the Prophet to marry Zaynab to abolish the p...

Dhul-Qi'dah, 6 AHBay'at al-Ridwan (Pledge Under the Tree)

...d his own hand over his other representing Uthman's pledge. Allah was pleased with them: 'Certainly Allah was pleased with th...

Muharram, 7 AHLetters to the Rulers of the World

...m. He had a silver seal ring made inscribed 'Muhammad Rasul Allah.' Letters went to Heraclius (Byzantine Emperor), Khosrow II...

Muharram, 7 AHBattle of Khaybar

...t said: 'Tomorrow I will give the banner to a man who loves Allah and His Messenger, and whom Allah and His Messenger love.' ...

Safar, 8 AHKhalid ibn al-Walid Accepts Islam

...' The Prophet later titled Khalid 'Sayfullah' (The Sword of Allah). His conversion deprived the Quraysh of their finest milit...

Shawwal, 8 AHSiege of Ta'if

...ked him to curse the people of Ta'if. He instead prayed: 'O Allah, guide Thaqif and bring them to Islam.' Within a year, the ...

Dhul-Qi'dah, 8 AHDistribution of Hunayn Spoils at Ji'ranah

...th sheep and camels while you go home with the Messenger of Allah?' The Ansar wept and replied: 'We are satisfied with the Me...

Ramadan, 9 AHRepentance of the Three Who Stayed Behind

...ke to them, and Ka'b's wife was sent away. On the 50th day, Allah revealed their forgiveness: 'And He also turned in mercy to...

9 AHDestruction of Masjid al-Dirar

...the Byzantines. They invited the Prophet to pray in it, but Allah revealed: 'And those who took a mosque for causing harm, di...

10 Rabi al-Awwal, 10 AHDeath of Ibrahim, Son of the Prophet

... The Prophet corrected them: 'The sun and moon are signs of Allah. They are not eclipsed for the death or birth of anyone.' H...

9 Dhul-Hijjah, 10 AHThe Farewell Sermon (Khutbat al-Wada')

...d the message?' and the crowd thundered: 'Yes!' He said: 'O Allah, bear witness.'

9 Dhul-Hijjah, 10 AHRevelation of the Verse of Completion of Religion

On the Day of Arafat during the Farewell Pilgrimage, Allah revealed: 'This day I have perfected for you your religion ...

Dhul-Hijjah, 10 AHThe Last Verse of the Quran Revealed

...nions include: 'And fear a Day when you will be returned to Allah. Then every soul will be compensated for what it earned, an...

Safar, 11 AHExpedition of Usamah ibn Zayd

..., you criticized his father's leadership before him, and by Allah, he was worthy of leadership.' The army was preparing to ma...

Safar, 11 AHProphet's Last Address in the Mosque

...nt was given the choice between this world and what is with Allah, and he chose what is with Allah.' Abu Bakr wept, understan...

12 Rabi al-Awwal, 11 AHDeath of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ

...ed Muhammad, then Muhammad has died. But whoever worshipped Allah, then Allah is alive and shall never die,' reciting Quran 3...

Marriage of Abdullah and Aminah

...fill a vow. Abd al-Muttalib had vowed to sacrifice a son if Allah granted him ten sons, and the lot fell on Abdullah. He was ...

12 Rabi al-Awwal, 11 AHCaliphate of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq

...es apostatizing and refusing to pay Zakat. He declared: 'By Allah, if they withhold even a goat-rope, I will fight them for i...

Abd al-Muttalib's Vow to Sacrifice His Son

...en Abd al-Muttalib had only one son, al-Harith, he vowed to Allah that if he were blessed with ten sons, he would sacrifice o...

Allah's Protection of the Prophet from Jahiliyyah Practices

...ttime entertainment gatherings in Mecca as a young man, but Allah caused him to fall asleep both times, and he did not awaken...

Conversion of Ali ibn Abi Talib

...e next morning he returned and declared his faith, saying: 'Allah created me without consulting Abu Talib, so why should I co...

Conversion of Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas

...d they departed one by one, I would not leave my religion.' Allah revealed regarding this incident: 'But if they endeavor to ...

Conversion of Bilal ibn Rabah

...ly repeat 'Ahad, Ahad' (One, One), affirming the oneness of Allah. Abu Bakr al-Siddiq purchased his freedom for a large sum. ...

Torture of Ammar ibn Yasir and His Family

...under extreme duress to say words of disbelief, after which Allah revealed: 'Whoever disbelieves in Allah after his belief, e...

Abu Bakr Frees Persecuted Muslim Slaves

...m, but Abu Bakr replied that he sought only the pleasure of Allah. Regarding his actions, Allah revealed: 'He who gives his w...

Revelation of Surah al-Masad Against Abu Lahab

..., warning them of severe punishment if they did not worship Allah alone, his uncle Abu Lahab responded with hostility, saying...

Conversion and Persecution of Khabbab ibn al-Aratt

... sawn in half yet did not renounce their faith, adding: 'By Allah, Allah will complete this matter until a rider travels from...

Quraysh Delegations to Abu Talib

...distressed, informed the Prophet, who replied: 'O uncle, by Allah, if they placed the sun in my right hand and the moon in my...

Details of the Boycott of Banu Hashim

...mites had eaten all of it except the words 'In Your Name, O Allah,' confirming the Prophet's prophecy.

Aftermath of the Journey to Ta'if

...exhausted and bleeding, he made his famous supplication: 'O Allah, to You I complain of my weakness, lack of resources, and l...

A Group of Jinn Accept Islam at Nakhla

... before it. It guides to the truth and to a straight path.' Allah revealed Surah al-Jinn (72) and the passage in Surah al-Ahq...

The Prophet Presents Islam to Arab Tribes During Hajj

... which the Prophet declined, saying: 'The matter belongs to Allah; He places it where He wills.' This period of persistent re...

Six Men of Khazraj Accept Islam

...ople, for no tribe is so divided by enmity as they. Perhaps Allah will unite them through you.' They returned to Yathrib and ...

1 AHDetailed Provisions of the Constitution of Medina

...mandatory if Medina was attacked; disputes were referred to Allah and His Messenger; Yathrib was declared a sanctuary (haram)...

1 AHExpedition of Ubaydah ibn al-Harith to Rabiigh

...t is said he was the first to shoot an arrow in the path of Allah. No close combat occurred, and both sides withdrew. Two mem...

2 AHExpedition of Abdullah ibn Jahsh to Nakhla

...ing the sacred months, and even some Muslims were troubled. Allah revealed: 'They ask you about fighting in the sacred month....

3 AHAssassination of Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf

...: 'Who will deal with Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf? For he has harmed Allah and His Messenger.' Muhammad ibn Maslamah volunteered. He a...

4 AHThe Incident at al-Raji'

...am killed as a Muslim, on which side I fall for the sake of Allah.'

4 AHDetailed Account of the Expulsion of Banu Nadir

...secretly plotted to drop a boulder on him from the rooftop. Allah informed the Prophet through revelation, and he quietly lef...

5 AHHuyayy ibn Akhtab Convinces Banu Qurayza to Break Their Treaty

...ir betrayal with contempt, saying: 'Who is the Messenger of Allah? There is no covenant or agreement between us and Muhammad....

5 AHDetailed Account of the Siege of Banu Qurayza

...said: 'You have judged with the judgment of the King (i.e., Allah).'

4 AHExpedition of Dhat al-Riqa'

...will protect you from me now?' The Prophet calmly replied: 'Allah.' The sword fell from the man's trembling hands, and the Pr...

7 AHThe Prophet's Letter to Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium

...us, the Byzantine Emperor. The letter read: 'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. From Muhammad, the s...

7 AHThe Prophet's Letter to Chosroes II, Emperor of Persia

...t was informed that Chosroes had torn his letter, he said: 'Allah will tear his kingdom to pieces.' This prophecy was fulfill...

7 AHThe Prophet's Letter to the Negus of Abyssinia

... Islam, declaring his faith in Muhammad as the Messenger of Allah. He wrote back to the Prophet confirming his acceptance of ...

7 AHThe Prophet's Letter to Hawdhah ibn Ali of Yamama

... The Prophet refused, as prophethood and leadership were by Allah's decree alone. Hawdhah died shortly after without acceptin...

8 AHDetailed Account of the Battle of Hunayn

... al-Ridwan). They rallied and counterattacked fiercely, and Allah sent unseen reinforcements. The Hawazin were routed complet...

8 AHDetailed Account of the Siege of Ta'if

...anions asked him to curse Thaqif, but instead he prayed: 'O Allah, guide Thaqif and bring them to Islam.' Within a year, the ...

8 AHDetailed Distribution of Hunayn War Spoils

...th sheep and camels while you go home with the Messenger of Allah?' The Ansar wept and said: 'We are satisfied with the Messe...

8 AHSecret Preparations for the Conquest of Mecca

... Qatadah to the direction of Najd as a feint and prayed: 'O Allah, blind the spies and scouts of Quraysh so that we surprise ...

10 AHThe Prophet's Departure for the Farewell Hajj

...l-Hulayfah, entered ihram, and began the talbiyah: 'Labbayk Allahumma labbayk, labbayka la sharika laka labbayk, innal-hamda ...

10 AHThe Farewell Sermon at Mount Arafat

...ly. He commanded the just treatment of women, saying: 'Fear Allah regarding women, for you have taken them as a trust from Al...

10 AHRevelation of the Verse of Completion of Religion at Arafat

...uring the Farewell Hajj, while the Prophet stood at Arafat, Allah revealed the momentous verse: 'This day I have perfected fo...

11 AHThe Prophet's Last Sermon in the Mosque

...e his final public address. He ascended the minbar, praised Allah, and said: 'Allah gave a servant the choice between this wo...

12 Rabi al-Awwal 11 AHDetailed Account of the Prophet's Death

... in water and wiping his face, saying: 'There is no god but Allah. Indeed, death has its agonies.' He told Aisha: 'Jibreel us...

11 AHAbu Bakr's Announcement of the Prophet's Death

...en know that Muhammad has died. And whoever used to worship Allah, then Allah is Ever-Living and never dies.' He then recited...

Conversion of Abu Dharr al-Ghifari

...publicly declared: 'I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah!' The Quraysh beat ...

Conversion of Amr ibn Abasah al-Sulami

...'I am a prophet.' Amr asked: 'What is a prophet?' He said: 'Allah has sent me.' Amr asked: 'With what has He sent you?' He re...

8 AHThe Story of Suhayl ibn Amr and His Journey to Islam

...ybiyyah who objected to writing 'Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah' in the treaty. After the Battle of Badr, where he was capt...

4 AHThe Prophet's Marriage to Umm Salamah

...say when afflicted: 'Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un. O Allah, reward me in my affliction and replace it with something b...

10 AHDeath of Ibrahim, Son of the Prophet

...ure.' Abdur-Rahman ibn Awf asked: 'Even you, O Messenger of Allah?' The Prophet replied: 'O Ibn Awf, this is mercy.' A solar ...

10 AHSending of Mu'adh ibn Jabal to Yemen

...comes to you?' Mu'adh replied: 'I will judge by the Book of Allah.' The Prophet asked: 'And if you do not find the answer in ...

The Story of Zayd ibn Harithah and His Bond with the Prophet

...he Prophet, who called him 'the beloved of the Messenger of Allah.'

8 AHThe Conversion of Ikrimah ibn Abi Jahl

...ng rider!' Ikrimah embraced Islam and said: 'O Messenger of Allah, teach me the best thing you know.' The Prophet taught him ...

3 AHExpedition to Hamra al-Asad After Uhud

...Muslims, was frightened and continued his retreat to Mecca. Allah revealed about this expedition: 'Those who responded to All...

6 AHUmm Salamah's Crucial Advice at Hudaybiyyah

...mah. She gave him remarkably astute advice: 'O Messenger of Allah, go out and do not speak to anyone. Shave your head and sla...

1-10 AHThe Prophet's Night Worship and Devotional Life

...ll. Aisha once asked him: 'Why do you exhaust yourself when Allah has forgiven your past and future sins?' He replied: 'Shoul...

1-10 AHThe Prophet's Treatment of Servants

...e Prophet's death. He testified: 'I served the Messenger of Allah for ten years, and he never said to me "uff" (an expression...

The Story of Dimad al-Azdi's Encounter with the Prophet

...het and said: 'I treat people from jinn possession. Perhaps Allah will cure you through me.' The Prophet began by saying: 'In...

10 AHThe Mubahalah with the Christians of Najran

...hey refused to accept that Isa was a servant and prophet of Allah rather than divine. Allah then revealed the verse of Mubaha...

Detailed Account of the Night Journey to Jerusalem

...ed the Prophet by asking him to describe al-Masjid al-Aqsa, Allah showed it to him in a vision and he described it in exact d...

10 AHDelegation of Jarir ibn Abdullah al-Bajali

... the famous hadith: 'Whoever does not show mercy to people, Allah will not show mercy to him.' He became a governor during th...

10 AHRevelation of Surah al-Nasr (The Help)

... it was the last complete surah revealed: 'When the help of Allah has come and the victory, and you see people entering the r...

10-11 AHAppearance of False Prophets in the Prophet's Lifetime

...you.' The Prophet replied: 'From Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, to Musaylimah the Liar. The earth belongs to Allah; He giv...

11 AHDispatching of Usamah ibn Zayd's Army

...ship, you criticized his father's leadership before him. By Allah, his father was worthy of command, and so is he.' The Proph...