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War of Fijar (Sacrilegious War)

...les broke out between the Quraysh alliance (Kinana) and the Qays Aylan tribes during the sacred months, hence called 'sacr...

Marriage to Khadijah bint Khuwaylid

...her death. She bore him all his children except Ibrahim: al-Qasim, Zaynab, Ruqayyah, Umm Kulthum, Fatimah, and Abdullah.

Khadijah Becomes the First Believer

...afflicted by calamity.' She then took him to her cousin Waraqah ibn Nawfal, a Christian scholar, who confirmed this was th...

Period of Secret Dawah

...-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, Abdur-Rahman ibn Awf, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, and Talhah ibn Ubaydillah.

Gatherings at Dar al-Arqam

The Prophet ﷺ used the house of al-Arqam ibn Abi al-Arqam near Mount Safa as a secret meeting place...

Rajab, 5 BHFirst Migration to Abyssinia

... first migration, including Uthman ibn Affan and his wife Ruqayyah (the Prophet's daughter). The Prophet said: 'In Abyssin...

Umar ibn al-Khattab Accepts Islam

.... Moved by their beauty, he went to the Prophet at Dar al-Arqam and declared his shahada. The Prophet exclaimed 'Allahu Ak...

Dhul-Hijjah, 1 BHFirst Pledge of Aqabah

...son, twelve men from Yathrib (Medina) met the Prophet ﷺ at Aqabah near Mina and pledged allegiance, known as Bay'at al-Aqa...

Mus'ab ibn Umayr Sent to Medina as Teacher

After the First Pledge of Aqabah, the Prophet ﷺ sent Mus'ab ibn Umayr to Medina as the fi...

Dhul-Hijjah, 1 BHSecond Pledge of Aqabah

... men and 2 women from Medina met the Prophet ﷺ secretly at Aqabah at night. They pledged to protect him as they would prot...

1 AHConstitution of Medina

...l charter between the Muslim community, Jewish tribes (Banu Qaynuqa, Banu Nadir, Banu Qurayza), and pagan Arabs of Medina....

Sha'ban, 2 AHFasting of Ramadan Prescribed

...n the Muslim community through the revelation of Surah al-Baqarah: 'O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting a...

Revelation of Surah al-Baqarah

Surah al-Baqarah, the longest surah in the Quran (286 verses), was reveal...

Revelation of Ayat al-Kursi

..., Quran 2:255) was revealed in Medina as part of Surah al-Baqarah. It is considered the greatest verse in the Quran. The P...

Ramadan, 2 AHDeath of Ruqayyah, Daughter of the Prophet

Ruqayyah, the Prophet's daughter and wife of Uthman ibn Affan, d...

Shawwal, 2 AHExpulsion of Banu Qaynuqa

After the victory at Badr, Banu Qaynuqa, a Jewish tribe of goldsmiths and armorers in Medina, ...

15 Ramadan, 3 AHBirth of al-Hasan ibn Ali

..., was born to Ali and Fatimah. The Prophet performed the aqiqah (sacrifice), shaved his head, and gave charity equal to th...

5 Sha'ban, 4 AHBirth of al-Husayn ibn Ali

..., was born to Ali and Fatimah. The Prophet performed the aqiqah and named him, as he had done with al-Hasan. The Prophet s...

Muharram, 7 AHLetters to the Rulers of the World

...clius (Byzantine Emperor), Khosrow II (Sassanid Emperor), Muqawqis (ruler of Egypt), Negus of Abyssinia, rulers of Bahrain...

Dhul-Qi'dah, 7 AHUmrah al-Qadiyyah (Fulfilled Umrah)

As stipulated in the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, the Prophet ﷺ and 2,000 Muslims entered Mecca to perform the Umrah they had been prevented from the previous year. T

9 AHYear of Delegations (Am al-Wufud)

...ons arrived in Medina, including from Thaqif, Tamim, Abd al-Qays, Najran Christians, and the kings of Yemen and Oman. Isla...

Sha'ban, 9 AHDeath of Umm Kulthum, Daughter of the Prophet

...rah. She had married Uthman after the death of her sister Ruqayyah. The Prophet wept at her funeral and sat by her grave. ...

Caliphate of Umar ibn al-Khattab

...stem, founded Basra and Kufa, and established the office of Qadi. His just rule earned him the title al-Faruq.

Battle of al-Qadisiyyah

...cisive battle between the Muslim army under Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas and the Sassanid Persian army under Rustam Farrokhzad. Des...

Founding of Darul Uloom Deoband

Scholars Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi and Rashid Ahmad Gangohi established the Deoba...

728 AHImprisonment and Legacy of Ibn Taymiyyah

...oundly influenced later Islamic thought. His student Ibn al-Qayyim preserved and expanded upon his legacy.

215 AHAl-Khwarizmi Writes Al-Jabr (Algebra)

...hwarizmi wrote al-Kitab al-Mukhtasar fi Hisab al-Jabr wal-Muqabalah, founding the discipline of algebra. Working at the Ho...

420 AHIbn Sina Writes the Canon of Medicine

Ibn Sina (Avicenna) completed his monumental al-Qanun fi at-Tibb (The Canon of Medicine), a five-volume medica...

808 AHDeath of Ibn Khaldun

...ather of sociology and historiography, died in Cairo. His Muqaddimah introduced the concept of asabiyyah (social cohesion)...

926 AHReign of Suleiman the Magnificent

...marked the zenith of Ottoman power and culture. Known as al-Qanuni (the Lawgiver) in the Islamic world, he codified laws, ...

595 AHIbn Rushd (Averroes) and Islamic Philosophy

...ies on Aristotle and his defense of philosophy in Fasl al-Maqal profoundly influenced both Islamic and European thought. H...

751 AHDeath of Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah

Shams ad-Din Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, the most prominent student of Ibn Taymiyy...

852 AHDeath of Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani

Imam Ahmad ibn Ali ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, known as Amir al-Mu'minin fi al-Hadith (Commander of t...

911 AHDeath of Imam as-Suyuti

... His Tafsir al-Jalalayn (co-authored with al-Mahalli), al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Quran, and Jami as-Saghir remain essential refe...

358 AHFounding of Cairo by the Fatimids

...awhar al-Siqilli conquered Egypt and founded the city of al-Qahirah (Cairo) as the new capital of the Fatimid Caliphate. T...

493 AHAl-Harawi's Plea for Jerusalem

After the fall of Jerusalem, the qadi Abu Sa'd al-Harawi traveled to Baghdad to plead for help ...

751 AHDeath of Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah

Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, the student and companion of Ibn Taymiyya...

771 AHDeath of Taj al-Din al-Subki

... scholar and Chief Judge of Damascus, died. He authored Tabaqat ash-Shafi'iyyah al-Kubra.

911 AHDeath of Imam al-Suyuti the Polymath

...slamic history with over 500 works, died in Cairo. His al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Quran is the most comprehensive work on Quranic...

790 AHDeath of Imam al-Shatibi

...ibi, the great Maliki jurist of Granada, died. His al-Muwafaqat is the most important work on the objectives and purposes ...

142 AHDeath of Ibn al-Muqaffa

Abdullah ibn al-Muqaffa, who translated Kalila wa Dimna into Arabic, was execute...

561 AHDeath of Abdul Qadir al-Jilani

Abdul Qadir al-Jilani, the great Hanbali jurist, preacher, and Sufi ...

Conversion of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq

...-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, Abdur-Rahman ibn Awf, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, and Talhah ibn Ubaydullah.

Conversion of Uthman ibn Affan

...e would later marry two of the Prophet's daughters, first Ruqayyah and then Umm Kulthum, earning the title Dhun-Nurayn (Po...

Conversion of Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas

Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas of Banu Zuhrah accepted Islam at the age of seventeen, mak...

A Group of Jinn Accept Islam at Nakhla

...h revealed Surah al-Jinn (72) and the passage in Surah al-Ahqaf (46:29-32) about this event. This was a consolation to the...

Six Men of Khazraj Accept Islam

...mall group of six men from the Khazraj tribe of Yathrib at Aqabah near Mina. They were As'ad ibn Zurarah, Awf ibn al-Harit...

1 AHEstablishment and Regulation of the Medina Market

...rketplace for the Muslims, separate from the market of Banu Qaynuqa which was the main commercial hub controlled by the Je...

1 AHTreaty with Banu Qaynuqa

...established a specific treaty with the Jewish tribe of Banu Qaynuqa, who were goldsmiths and metalworkers residing in the ...

1 AHExpedition of Ubaydah ibn al-Harith to Rabiigh

...f hostile fire in Islamic military history. Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas shot an arrow that day, and it is said he was the first to...

2 AHExpedition of Abdullah ibn Jahsh to Nakhla

...eople therefrom is greater sin in the sight of Allah' (al-Baqarah 2:217).

2 AHDetailed Account of the Expulsion of Banu Qaynuqa

After the Muslim victory at Badr, the Jewish tribe of Banu Qaynuqa became openly hostile. The immediate trigger was an in...

4 AHThe Incident at al-Raji'

A delegation from the tribes of Adal and Qarah came to the Prophet claiming their people wanted to lear...

5 AHDetailed Account of the Siege of Banu Qurayza

... with Banu Qurayza as the Khazraj had been allied with Banu Qaynuqa) asked the Prophet to be lenient, as Abdullah ibn Ubay...

4 AHExpedition of Dhat al-Riqa'

...ibes who were planning to attack Medina. The name Dhat al-Riqa' (the patchwork) derives from the condition of the soldiers...

7 AHMilitary Expeditions After the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah

... tribes and secure strategic routes. He sent a force to Dhu Qarad when a raiding party stole some of the Prophet's camels....

7 AHThe Prophet's Letter to al-Muqawqis of Egypt

...het sent Hatib ibn Abi Balta'ah to deliver a letter to al-Muqawqis (Jurayj ibn Mina), the Coptic ruler of Egypt. The lette...

8 AHGeneral Amnesty on the Day of the Conquest of Mecca

...t declared: 'Go, for you are free (idh'habu fa antum al-tulaqa).' This remarkable act of mercy was extended to people who ...

8 AHSecret Preparations for the Conquest of Mecca

... made secret preparations for a march on Mecca. He sent Abu Qatadah to the direction of Najd as a feint and prayed: 'O All...

10 AHThe Farewell Sermon at Mount Arafat

...ewell sermon at the plain of Arafat from atop his camel, al-Qaswa'. The sermon was relayed in sections by Rabi'ah ibn Umay...

10 AHTeaching of Hajj Rituals During the Farewell Pilgrimage

...e 10th (Yawm al-Nahr), he threw seven pebbles at Jamrat al-Aqabah, slaughtered his sacrifice (one hundred camels), shaved ...

1-10 AHThe Prophet's Night Worship and Devotional Life

...'tikaf (spiritual retreat) in the mosque, seeking Laylat al-Qadr. Aisha described his character as 'the Quran walking on e...

10 AHThe Mubahalah with the Christians of Najran

...in Medina. They were led by their bishop Abu Harithah ibn Alqamah and their political leader al-Aqib Abd al-Masih. The Pro...