Skip to content

Quran Hadith Seerah History People Books Articles Wiki Sects Video Audio

Loading...

Content

Quran
Hadith
Seerah
People
Books
Articles

Media

Videos
Audio
Sects
Wiki

Ummat Ecosystem

Ummat App
ChatIslam
PrayCalc
Ummat Dev

Community

Contribute
Guidelines
About
Contact

Islam.wikiThe Islamic Reference

Free forever. Scholar-verified. Community-driven. Part of the Ummat ecosystem.

Books/The Biography of Ali ibn Abi Talib/Ch. 105

Chapters

Introduction 1. Introduction 2. 3. How 'Ali lived with the Qur'an,3. 5. The most important exploits of 'Ali ibn Abi Titlib between 4. 6. The most important exploits of 'Ali between the Battle 5. CHAPTER 11 6. 2. Some of the virtues and most important characteristics 7. 2. Judicial institution 8. 4. Regarding the opinions of the Companions and 9. 2. Appointment of governors at the time of 'Ali ............... 589 10. 1. Names, Lineage, Attributes and Family 11. 2. His coming to Islam and his most 12. 3. The religion of Allah (&) will never be supported except by one 13. 2. Ali's response to the command of the Prophet (B) was an 14. 3. The fact that the polytheists had deposited items for safekeeping 15. 5. This great hadith clearly points to the courage of 'Ali (&). He 16. 3. How Amir al-Mu'mineen 17. 1. Allah (B) said:18. 2. He was one of those concerning whom AUah revealed the words:19. 3. The Qur'an confumed his view that jihad is superior to 20. 5. The most important exploits of 21. 6. The most important exploits of 22. 7. If a chid is breastfed along with his patemal uncle, he 23. 1. Difference of opinion among the Companions is proven to have 24. 2. As for what the Rgfidis claim, that the difference of opinion 25. 3. Concerning the meaning of the words of Ibu 'Abbss, 'The real 26. 4. As for their claims that the Prophet (B)27. 5. As for the RZfidis' slander against 'Umar (&) and their claim that 28. 6. Let us examine their claim that 'Umar (&) objected to the 29. 1. They claimed that this hadith was fabricated by Abu B a h a$-30. 2. They claimed that this hadith was contrary to the words of Allah,31. 3. They claim that the prohibition on inheritance and quoting of 32. 5. Fstimah's goodwill towards Abu Bakr (A).33. 2. A 34. 1. The oath of allegiance to 'Ali (&)35. 1. The oath of allegiance to 'Ali (&)36. 1. The verse in which Allah says: $Allah has promised those 37. 2. The words of the Prophet (g):38. 3. The words of the Prophet (g)39. 5. It was narrated that Abu Sa'eed al-Kkudri said: "The Messenger 40. 1. Muhammad ibn Sa'd narrated that there was consensus on 41. 3. Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari said: "We a f h e d the validity of 42. 7. Abdullah alduwayni said: "With regard to 'Umar, 'Uthmin and 43. 8. Abu Abdullah ihn Bat@ said: 'The oath of allegiance to 'Ali 44. 9. Al-Ghazili said: "They all agreed on the superiority of Abu 45. 10. Abu Bakr ibn al-'Arabi said: "When AUah decreed what He 46. 11. Ibn Taymiyah said: "The Companions of the Messenger of Allah 47. 12. Ibn Hajar said: "The swearing of allegiance to 'Ali (&) as 48. 1. The claim that a number of the Companions abstained from 49. 3. Consensus regarding the caliphate of Abu Bakr (&) was 50. 5. Mu'iwiyah (&) did not fight 'Ali (A) for the position of 51. 2. Some of the virtues and most 52. 3. Mentioning opposite meanings, which makes the meaning 53. 5. The ideas in this sermon are strongly influenced by the Holy 54. 3. Following the way of the Qur'an. This message was based on the 55. 6. Using a gentle approach so as to attract listeners and not put 56. 1. Financial institutions 57. 2. Judicial institutions 58. 1. The Companions were agreed on this method, and the steps they 59. 3. Consensus, which must be based on a text of the Qur'an or 60. 1. The judiciary at that time was a continuation of the way it was at 61. 3. The Rightly Guided Caliphs and some of the regional governors 62. 7. A precise administrative system for the judiciary was developed 63. 8. The qualifications of the judges were general in most cases and 64. 11. Judicial procedures at this time were simple and straightforward.65. 9. Abdullah ibu 'Abbk, who was 'Ali's governor in Basra. Abu al-66. 10. Sa'eed ibn N i m h d-Hamadiini, whom 'Ali (&) appointed 67. 12. Muhammad ibn Yazeed ibn Khnlaydah ash-Shaybhi. 'Ali 68. 3. The Islamic jurisprudence of 69. 1. The urine of a baby girl needs to be washed,70. 2. The sleep of one who is sitting up,71. 4. Reciting Qur'an without the mushaf in whatever 72. 5. Intercourse with a menstruating woman 73. 2. The one who does not pray is a disbeliever 74. 3. Repeating a prayer w i t h its time 75. 4. Making up missed prayers 76. 6. Eid prayer in the mosque for the old and weak 77. 7. A man washing his wife (after she has died)78. 8. The shroud is to be paid for from 79. 9. The shroud of a man and a woman,80. 10. Washing and shrouding of the martyr 81. 1. There is no zaksh due on wealth until one 82. 2. The minimum threshold for gold and silver 83. 3. Minimum threshold for camels and 84. 5. There is no zak& on vegetables, huits and honey 85. 7. Giving zaksh to one's parents or children 86. 1. The beginning of the Ramadan fast may be confinned 87. 2. Fasting of one who is in a state of 88. 4. The status of i'tikrif 138 89. 2. Pilgrim in &rSm killing a threatening animal 90. 6. Delegating Hajj 91. 7. Uncertainty as to the number of stones thrown 92. 1. Catching up with the 93. 2. Meat slaughtered by Arab Christians 94. 3. Meat slaughtered for glory 95. 5. Food of the polytheists and Magians other than meat 96. 6. Leaving white hair 97. 7. Playing with dice and playing chess 98. 11. Marriage of a eunuch 99. 12. One who gets married to two sisters 100. 13. Prohibition on anal intercourse with one's wife 101. 5. Selling booty to the disbelievers 102. 7. The covenant with dhimmi~,'~~103. 4. Regarding the opinions 104. 1. The first opinion is that it is binding. This is the view of 105. 5. The fifth opinion is that only the views of the four Rightly 106. 1. Ash-Sh3aifa'i 107. 3. The opinion of Imam M%ik with regard to the actions of the 108. 5. Ash-Sh2ebi said, in his commentary on the words of the Prophet 109. 1. Regions of the state 110. 2. The words attributed to Qays ihn Sa'd, "We have sworn 111. 3. The alleged letter from Mu'2wiyah to Qays ibn Sa'd and his 112. 5. What was mentioned about Mu'iwiyah fabricating a letter in the 113. 6. The narration of these many letters among Qays, Mud2wiyah and 114. 5. It explained 'Ali's hesitation to dismiss Qays until the people put 115. 1. What he mentioned about the people of Syria swearing 116. 3. The accusation that Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr killed 'Uthm2n 117. 2. Appointment of governors 118. 1. Events that preceded the Battle of the Camel ... ... .... ..... .. 25 119. 2. The Battle of Siffeen (37 AH) ...... . ... ... ... .... .. .... .... ..... ... 142 120. 3. Arbitratio 121. 1. The Khanjites .... ...... .... . ... .... ... ... .. ... .. .. . .. . . . ... .... ... .... . .. . ..251 122. 4. The last days of the life of Amir d-Mn'mineen 123. 1. Events that preceded the 124. 2. The Battle of Siffeen (37 AH)125. 3. Arbitration 126. 3. We have agreed to accept the ruling of the Qur'an and adhere to 127. 17. The Ummah is bound by the deal that is reached with regard to 128. 5. If one or both parties refuse to accept the verdict of the two 129. 1. The Kharijites 130. 3. We will not fight you unless you fight us.49 131. 2. If slaves. women or children fight on the side of the 132. 6. A truce should not be made with Muslim opponents specifying a 133. 9. Muslim transgressors should not he fought in ways that will 134. 10. It is not permissible to seize booty from their wealth or to take 135. 15. The ruling on one who is in the right inheriting from one who is 136. 16. If the transgressors cannot be fought off except by killing them,137. 2. Amir al-Mu'mineen 'Ali 138. 3. Beliefs of the Imami Rsfidi Shia 139. 4. They believe in this compt belief that has nothing to do 140. 12. Al-Hasan ibn 'Ali al-'Askari (d. 260 AH)141. 1. The verse of the imamate (Qur'an 5: 55)142. 2. The verse of m u b a a l a h (Qur'an 3: 61)143. 1. The speech at Ghadeer Khunun 144. 2. The hadith about 'Ali (&) being appointed in charge 145. 1. The hadith of the bird 146. 2. The hadith of the house 147. 3. The hadith, "I am the city of knowledge, and 148. 4. The last days of the life of

Chapter 105 of 1486 min read

5. The fifth opinion is that only the views of the four Rightly

٥. الرأي الخامس: الحجية مقصورة على أقوال الخلفاء الراشدين الأربعة

Guided Caliphs - Abu Bakr, 'Umar, 'Uthmin and 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with them) - are biding, but no others.353 The correct opinion - and Allah (&) knows best - is the first one. The evidence to support that is as follows: 4.1. From the Book of Allah (&) Allah (%) says: $And the foremost to embrace Islam of the Muhijkb and the An& and also those who followed them exactly [in Faith]. Allah is well-pleased with them as they are well-pleased with Him. He has prepared for them gardens under which rivers flow [paradise], to dwell therein forever. That is the supreme success.), (Quran 9: 100) Al-IIiifidh - Ibn Hajar narrated in his commentary on this verse, with his chain of narration from Muhammad ibn Ka'b al-Qurazi, that the latter said: " 'Umar ibn al-Khattgb passed by a man who was reciting the verse, 'And the foremost to embrace Islam of the Muh2jirzin and the An& ...' When he reached the words 'as they are well-pleased with Him', 'Umar took hold of his hand and said: 'Who taught you this? He said: ' 'Ubayy ibn Ka'b.' He said: 'Do not leave Financial and judiciary institutions at the time of 'Ali me until I take you to him.' When he came to him, he said: 'Did you teach this verse like this to this man? He said: 'Yes.' He said: 'Did you hear it 6.om the Messenger of Allah (g)?' He said: 'Yes.' He said: 'I used to think that we (the Muhsjiroon) had been raised to such a level that no one after us would ever reach.' Ubayy said: 'The confirmation of this verse appears at the beginning of Soorat alJumu'ah: ( ~ n d [He has sent him (Prophet Muhammad) also to] others among them ~ u s l i m s ] who have not yet joined them put they will come]. And He [Allah] is the All-Mighty, the ~ll-Wise) (Quran 62: 3). In Soorat al-Hashr, 4And those who came after them say: Our . Lord! Forgive us and our brethren who have preceded us in Faith, and put not in our hearts any hatred against those who have believed. Our Lord! You are indeed full of kindness, Most Mercifulb (Quran 59: 10); and in al-Auf2 (And those who believed afterwards, and emigrated and strove hard along with you [in the Cause of Allah], they are of you. But kindred by blood are nearer to one another [regarding inheritance] in the decree ordained by AUah. Verily, Allah is the All-Knower of everything) (Quran 8: 75)."' The reason why 'Umar (4) asked this question is that he used to recite this verse [at-Tawbah 9: 1001 with the word An5dr-u [as opposed to Ansdri, which is how Ibn Ka'b recited it], which would Indicate that the word as-Scibiqoon [foremost] was not connected only to the word Muhcijijirren. When it became clear to him that Ubayy ibn Ka'b recited it as An~iki, which would indicate that it was also included with the word Muhsjueen, he mid: ''I used to think that we [the Muhijireeu] had been raised to such a level that no one after us would ever reach - refemng to the Muhqireen. These words of 'Umar's support the view of those who held the first opinion, who said that the views of all the Companions are binding, without singling out some of them, because dl of them are praised in the

Xli ibn Abi TZib verse and are described as pioneers ('the foremost') in knowledge, virtue, jihad and actions. This verse was quoted as evidence by Ibn al-Qayyim, who counted it as part of the evidence indicating that it is obligatory to follow the ~ o m ~ a n i o n s . ~ ~ ~ He narrated that Imam M2lik used it as evidence to prove the same point,355 and said that this verse praises the Companions and shows that they are entitled to be leaders who are taken as an example and whose views are to be followed. It also praises those who follow all of them or who follow each one of them, so long as that does not go against any Shariah text.3j6 Among the evidence for that is the verse in which Allah (%) says: YOU [ m e believers in Islamic Monotheism, and real followers of Prophet Muhammad and his Sunnah] are the best of peoples ever raised up for mankind; you enjoin al-Ma'roof [i.e. Islamic Monotheism and all that Islam has ordained] and forbid al-Munkar [polytheism, disbelief and all that Islam has forbidden], and you believe in Allahb (Qurbn 3: 110). In his commentary on this verse, Ibn Jareer narrated, with his chain of narration from ad-I?ahb%, that the latter said: "They are the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (g) in Ibn Jareer said, after quoting this report: "This means that they were the conveyors of the message whom Allah (s) enjoined the Muslims to ~be~."~~"his verse was also quoted as evidence by ash-Shgtibi, when he stated that the way of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) is the way to be followed and referred He said concerning this verse: "This affirms the superiority of the Companions over all other nations. That implies that they were righteous in all situations, and all the affairs of their lives were based on following the teachings of Islam and not going against it in any way."360 Imam Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyab discussed in detail the issue of proving that the opinion of the Companions is binding by quoting these verses, and he highlighted Financial and judiciary institurions at the time of 'Ali the way in which the text refers to that. He did a good job and mentioned many useful points.361 4.2. Evidence from the Sunnah There is a great deal of evidence from the Sunnah, for example the words of the Prophet (&): "The best of people is the generation of whom I am one, then the second generation (after that), then the thrd.n362 His telling us that implies that they ate the foremost in all aspects of good deeds, especially with regard to doing and saying the right things.363 They are superior to others in all virtues, such as knowledge, action, faith, reason, religious commitment, eloquence and worship, and they are more qualified to understand every difficult issue. No one could dispute that except one who rejects what is well established and well known in the religion of ~ s l a r n . ~ ~ ~ According to Abdullah ibn Mas'ood, the Messenger of Allah (g) said: "There is no Prophet whom Allah (&) sent to any nation before me, but he had disciples and co~npanions from among his nation who followed his path and obeyed his commands."365 Al-Bayhaqi quoted 366 . this hadith as evidence of their superiority and high status In knowledge, action and sincerity.367 4.3. Evidence from other reports It was narrated from Hudhayfah ibn al-Yamh (&) that he said: "0 people, follow the path of those who came before you, for by Allah (B), if you follow their path, then indeed yon will succeed tremendously, but if you drift away from it, right or left, ycju will be greatly misguided."368 Al-Khafeeb narrated with his chain of narration from 'Lmir ash-Sha'bi that the latter said: "What they narrate to you from the Companions of Muhammad (@J, accept it.m369

'Ali ibn Abi T21ib 4.4. Sayings of the imams and scholars concerning the binding nature of the Companions' opinions

Related

Topics

biography history companions sahabah caliphate-history

Keywords

ali ibn abi talib biography fourth caliph companion biography

104. 1. The first opinion is that it is binding. This is the view of

106. 1. Ash-Sh3aifa'i