4. The last days of the life of Amir d-Mn'mineen

سيرة علي بن أبي طالب — الجزء 122

'Ali ibn Abi Taib (&) and his martyrdom ... ... .. . .. ... ... .. 603 4.1. The aftermath of Nahrawin .. ... . . . ... .. . ... .. . .. ... .. . . . . .. .. 603 4.2. 'Ali's attempts to motivate his army, then the trnce with Mu'Zwiyah. ... . . ... ... ... . ... .. .... ... ... ... . . ... ... .. . .. ,607 4.3. The supplication of Amir d-Mu'mineen 'Ali asking that his martyrdom be hastened ...................... 610 4.4. 'Ali's awareness that he would be martyred ........... 611 4.5. The martyrdom of Amir d-Mu'mineen 'Ali and the lessons to be learned from it ... .. ... . . .... .. ... ... ... ..... ..613 4.5.1. The meeting of the conspirators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,614 4.5.2. Ibn Maljam's dep-e and his meeting with Qu*, the daughter of ashshajnah .. ... ...... ... 615 4.5.3. Muhammad ihn d-Hanafiyyah narrated the story of the slaying of Amir al-Mu'mineen 'Ali ............ 617 4.5.4. The doctor's advice to 'Ali and his inclination towards the process of consultation ..... .. ... .. . .. ... ... . .618 4.5.5. Find advice of 'Ali to his sons d-Hasan and al-Hnsayn .... ... .... .. .... .. . ... .. . . ... ... . .. .... 618 Contents of Volume 2 4.5.6. 'Ali's prohibition of mutilation or torture . . of h s kdler. .... ... ... .. . ... . .... ... .... .. . . .. .. . . . .. . .. .. . .. ... .. . .. .621 4.5.7. The length of 'Ali's caliphate, the location of his grave and the age at which he was killed ....... 625 4.5.8. The speech of al-Hasan ibn 'Ali after the slaying of his father ................................ 627 4.5.9. Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqis praises 'Ali .................. 627 4.5.10. Abdullah ibn 'Umar praises 'Ali ibn Abi T2ib 627 4.5.11. How Mu'iwiyah responded to the news of 'Ali's slayin 4.5.12. What al-Hasan d-Basri said ... ... ... .. ... ... .. .... .. 629 4.5.13. What A of the murder of 'Ali 4.5.15. The danger posed by the misguided and deviant groups to the Muslims ....................... 631 4.5.16. The deeply entrenched grudges against the sincere believers that filled the hearts of the Kharijites.. . .... .... ... ... .. .... .. . .. ... ... .. ... .. ,632 4.5.17. Impact of a bad environment on the people who live in it 4.6. Eulogies for Amir d-Mu'mineen 'Ali .................... 635 41 Weak and fabricated hadiths about 'Ali ibn Abi T2lib Glossary of Islamic terms Bibliograph Arabic honorific symbols used in this book (&) : Subhrinahu wa ta'rila - "The Exalted" (B) : Salla-Allrihu 'alayhi wa sallam - "Blessings and peace be upon him" (s) : 'Alayhis-sal6m - "May peace be upon him" (&) : Rdiya-Allrihu 'anhu - "May Allah be pleased with him" (%) : Radiya-All6hu 'anha - "May Allah be pleased with her"

Pronunciation and Transliteration Chart Promnciation Transliterated short 'a', as in cat I v I /b/ as in bell, rubber and tab / b I or atu(n), ati(n) or ata(n) when in I Arabic word) uninterrupted speech I in word-final position as well / i las in Bach (in German); may occur/ kh t I J r/ as in raw, art and war; may also b r a rolled r, as with Spanish words /j/ as in jam, ajar and age a 'harsher' sound than the English initial /h/, and may occur medially and - , j initially and medially as well /dl as in do, muddy and red as in this, father, and with d dh

'Ali ibn Abi Tilib Arabic script I Pronunciation I no close equivalent in English, but I j i+* , j. may be approximated by pronouncing it as /sw/ or no close equivalent in English, I but may be approximated by I /z/ as in zoo, easy and gaze IS/ as in so, messy and grass as in ship, ashes and rush pronouncing /dl farther back in the mouth no close equivalent in English, . z s sh I but may be approximated by I I but may be approximated by I I i; I pronouncing 'the' I I farther back in the mouth no close equivalent in English: a guttural sound in pronouncing It/ farther back in the mouth no close equivalent in English, the back of the throat no close equivalent in English, but may be closely approximated by pronouncing it like the French /r/ in 'rouge' If/ as in fill, effort and muff dh Pronunciation and transliteration char1 Arabic script 1 Pronunciation /~ransliteratedl 2 I no close equivalent in English, I q 1 but may be approximated by pronouncing /k/ farther back in the mouth 1 /k/ as in king, buckle and tack k J Ifl/ as in lap, halo; in the word ~llah,l it becomes velarized as in ball f / /m/ as in men, simple and ram m I I In/ as in net, ant and can I n I / - - 1 /h/ as in hat; unlike /h/ in English, 1 h I I in Arabic /h/ is pronounced / i s \ as in yet and yard I Y 4 (as a vowel) b approximated by pronouncing it like 't' in the Cockney English initial position) ronunciation of buner: bu'er, or th in medial and word-hal positions as weli as in wet and away long u, as in boot and too is (as a vowel) != stop sound in uh - oh! w long e, as in eat, beef and see glottal stop: may be closely ee 'Ali ibn Abi Ttlib Diphthongs: Arabic script Pronunciation ji @I / fa@& (unstressed vowel) 1 Transliterated as: shorter version of ee or schwa kasrah (unstressed vowel) shorter version of oo Dammah Diacritical marks (tashkeel): Long o, as in owe, boat and go Long 'a', as in able, rain and say very short 'a' or schwa a doubled consonant is stressed in the word, and the length of the as: au, aw, ow ay, ai, ei a sound is also doubled no vowel sound between

About the word 'Lord' %e word lord in English bas several related meanings. The original meaning is 'master' or 'ruler', and in this sense it is often used to refer to human beings: 'the lord of the mansion' or 'Lord Soand-So' (in the United Kingdom, for example). The word Lord with a capital L is used in the lexicon of Islam to refer to the One and Only God-Allah. In Islam, there is no ambiguity about the meaning of this word. While it is true that one may occasionally use the word lord (whether capitalized or not) to refer to a human being, in Islamic discourse the reference of this term is always clear from the context. Whereas for Christians, Hindus and other polytheists, the word Lord with a capital L may refer to Allah, to Jesus or to some imagined deity, for Muslims, there can be no plurality of meaning. AUah alone is the Lord, and the Lord is AUah - not Jesus, not Rama, not any other being. The Editor

CHAPTER SIX The Battles of the Camel and Siffeen, and the Issue of Arbitration cAllah (s) says: 4If two parties among the Believers fall into a quarrel, make ye peace between them: but if one of them transgresses beyond bounds against the other, then fight ye [all] againstthe one that transgresses until it complies with the command of Allah, but if it complies, then rnake peace between them with justice, and be fair: for AUah loves those who are fair [and just]. The Believers are but a single Brotherhood: So make peace and reconciliation between your two [contending] brothers: And fear Allah that ye may receive Mercy.) (Quran 49: 9-10)

biography history companions sahabah caliphate-history

Keywords

ali ibn abi talib biography fourth caliph companion biography

Books/The Biography of Ali ibn Abi Talib/Ch. 122

Chapters

Introduction 1. Introduction 2. 3. How 'Ali lived with the Qur'an,3. 5. The most important exploits of 'Ali ibn Abi Titlib between 4. 6. The most important exploits of 'Ali between the Battle 5. CHAPTER 11 6. 2. Some of the virtues and most important characteristics 7. 2. Judicial institution 8. 4. Regarding the opinions of the Companions and 9. 2. Appointment of governors at the time of 'Ali ............... 589 10. 1. Names, Lineage, Attributes and Family 11. 2. His coming to Islam and his most 12. 3. The religion of Allah (&) will never be supported except by one 13. 2. Ali's response to the command of the Prophet (B) was an 14. 3. The fact that the polytheists had deposited items for safekeeping 15. 5. This great hadith clearly points to the courage of 'Ali (&). He 16. 3. How Amir al-Mu'mineen 17. 1. Allah (B) said:18. 2. He was one of those concerning whom AUah revealed the words:19. 3. The Qur'an confumed his view that jihad is superior to 20. 5. The most important exploits of 21. 6. The most important exploits of 22. 7. If a chid is breastfed along with his patemal uncle, he 23. 1. Difference of opinion among the Companions is proven to have 24. 2. As for what the Rgfidis claim, that the difference of opinion 25. 3. Concerning the meaning of the words of Ibu 'Abbss, 'The real 26. 4. As for their claims that the Prophet (B)27. 5. As for the RZfidis' slander against 'Umar (&) and their claim that 28. 6. Let us examine their claim that 'Umar (&) objected to the 29. 1. They claimed that this hadith was fabricated by Abu B a h a$-30. 2. They claimed that this hadith was contrary to the words of Allah,31. 3. They claim that the prohibition on inheritance and quoting of 32. 5. Fstimah's goodwill towards Abu Bakr (A).33. 2. A 34. 1. The oath of allegiance to 'Ali (&)35. 1. The oath of allegiance to 'Ali (&)36. 1. The verse in which Allah says: $Allah has promised those 37. 2. The words of the Prophet (g):38. 3. The words of the Prophet (g)39. 5. It was narrated that Abu Sa'eed al-Kkudri said: "The Messenger 40. 1. Muhammad ibn Sa'd narrated that there was consensus on 41. 3. Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari said: "We a f h e d the validity of 42. 7. Abdullah alduwayni said: "With regard to 'Umar, 'Uthmin and 43. 8. Abu Abdullah ihn Bat@ said: 'The oath of allegiance to 'Ali 44. 9. Al-Ghazili said: "They all agreed on the superiority of Abu 45. 10. Abu Bakr ibn al-'Arabi said: "When AUah decreed what He 46. 11. Ibn Taymiyah said: "The Companions of the Messenger of Allah 47. 12. Ibn Hajar said: "The swearing of allegiance to 'Ali (&) as 48. 1. The claim that a number of the Companions abstained from 49. 3. Consensus regarding the caliphate of Abu Bakr (&) was 50. 5. Mu'iwiyah (&) did not fight 'Ali (A) for the position of 51. 2. Some of the virtues and most 52. 3. Mentioning opposite meanings, which makes the meaning 53. 5. The ideas in this sermon are strongly influenced by the Holy 54. 3. Following the way of the Qur'an. This message was based on the 55. 6. Using a gentle approach so as to attract listeners and not put 56. 1. Financial institutions 57. 2. Judicial institutions 58. 1. The Companions were agreed on this method, and the steps they 59. 3. Consensus, which must be based on a text of the Qur'an or 60. 1. The judiciary at that time was a continuation of the way it was at 61. 3. The Rightly Guided Caliphs and some of the regional governors 62. 7. A precise administrative system for the judiciary was developed 63. 8. The qualifications of the judges were general in most cases and 64. 11. Judicial procedures at this time were simple and straightforward.65. 9. Abdullah ibu 'Abbk, who was 'Ali's governor in Basra. Abu al-66. 10. Sa'eed ibn N i m h d-Hamadiini, whom 'Ali (&) appointed 67. 12. Muhammad ibn Yazeed ibn Khnlaydah ash-Shaybhi. 'Ali 68. 3. The Islamic jurisprudence of 69. 1. The urine of a baby girl needs to be washed,70. 2. The sleep of one who is sitting up,71. 4. Reciting Qur'an without the mushaf in whatever 72. 5. Intercourse with a menstruating woman 73. 2. The one who does not pray is a disbeliever 74. 3. Repeating a prayer w i t h its time 75. 4. Making up missed prayers 76. 6. Eid prayer in the mosque for the old and weak 77. 7. A man washing his wife (after she has died)78. 8. The shroud is to be paid for from 79. 9. The shroud of a man and a woman,80. 10. Washing and shrouding of the martyr 81. 1. There is no zaksh due on wealth until one 82. 2. The minimum threshold for gold and silver 83. 3. Minimum threshold for camels and 84. 5. There is no zak& on vegetables, huits and honey 85. 7. Giving zaksh to one's parents or children 86. 1. The beginning of the Ramadan fast may be confinned 87. 2. Fasting of one who is in a state of 88. 4. The status of i'tikrif 138 89. 2. Pilgrim in &rSm killing a threatening animal 90. 6. Delegating Hajj 91. 7. Uncertainty as to the number of stones thrown 92. 1. Catching up with the 93. 2. Meat slaughtered by Arab Christians 94. 3. Meat slaughtered for glory 95. 5. Food of the polytheists and Magians other than meat 96. 6. Leaving white hair 97. 7. Playing with dice and playing chess 98. 11. Marriage of a eunuch 99. 12. One who gets married to two sisters 100. 13. Prohibition on anal intercourse with one's wife 101. 5. Selling booty to the disbelievers 102. 7. The covenant with dhimmi~,'~~103. 4. Regarding the opinions 104. 1. The first opinion is that it is binding. This is the view of 105. 5. The fifth opinion is that only the views of the four Rightly 106. 1. Ash-Sh3aifa'i 107. 3. The opinion of Imam M%ik with regard to the actions of the 108. 5. Ash-Sh2ebi said, in his commentary on the words of the Prophet 109. 1. Regions of the state 110. 2. The words attributed to Qays ihn Sa'd, "We have sworn 111. 3. The alleged letter from Mu'2wiyah to Qays ibn Sa'd and his 112. 5. What was mentioned about Mu'iwiyah fabricating a letter in the 113. 6. The narration of these many letters among Qays, Mud2wiyah and 114. 5. It explained 'Ali's hesitation to dismiss Qays until the people put 115. 1. What he mentioned about the people of Syria swearing 116. 3. The accusation that Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr killed 'Uthm2n 117. 2. Appointment of governors 118. 1. Events that preceded the Battle of the Camel ... ... .... ..... .. 25 119. 2. The Battle of Siffeen (37 AH) ...... . ... ... ... .... .. .... .... ..... ... 142 120. 3. Arbitratio 121. 1. The Khanjites .... ...... .... . ... .... ... ... .. ... .. .. . .. . . . ... .... ... .... . .. . ..251 122. 4. The last days of the life of Amir d-Mn'mineen 123. 1. Events that preceded the 124. 2. The Battle of Siffeen (37 AH)125. 3. Arbitration 126. 3. We have agreed to accept the ruling of the Qur'an and adhere to 127. 17. The Ummah is bound by the deal that is reached with regard to 128. 5. If one or both parties refuse to accept the verdict of the two 129. 1. The Kharijites 130. 3. We will not fight you unless you fight us.49 131. 2. If slaves. women or children fight on the side of the 132. 6. A truce should not be made with Muslim opponents specifying a 133. 9. Muslim transgressors should not he fought in ways that will 134. 10. It is not permissible to seize booty from their wealth or to take 135. 15. The ruling on one who is in the right inheriting from one who is 136. 16. If the transgressors cannot be fought off except by killing them,137. 2. Amir al-Mu'mineen 'Ali 138. 3. Beliefs of the Imami Rsfidi Shia 139. 4. They believe in this compt belief that has nothing to do 140. 12. Al-Hasan ibn 'Ali al-'Askari (d. 260 AH)141. 1. The verse of the imamate (Qur'an 5: 55)142. 2. The verse of m u b a a l a h (Qur'an 3: 61)143. 1. The speech at Ghadeer Khunun 144. 2. The hadith about 'Ali (&) being appointed in charge 145. 1. The hadith of the bird 146. 2. The hadith of the house 147. 3. The hadith, "I am the city of knowledge, and 148. 4. The last days of the life of

Chapter 122 of 1487 min read

4. The last days of the life of Amir d-Mn'mineen

سيرة علي بن أبي طالب — الجزء 122

'Ali ibn Abi Taib (&) and his martyrdom ... ... .. . .. ... ... .. 603 4.1. The aftermath of Nahrawin .. ... . . . ... .. . ... .. . .. ... .. . . . . .. .. 603 4.2. 'Ali's attempts to motivate his army, then the trnce with Mu'Zwiyah. ... . . ... ... ... . ... .. .... ... ... ... . . ... ... .. . .. ,607 4.3. The supplication of Amir d-Mu'mineen 'Ali asking that his martyrdom be hastened ...................... 610 4.4. 'Ali's awareness that he would be martyred ........... 611 4.5. The martyrdom of Amir d-Mu'mineen 'Ali and the lessons to be learned from it ... .. ... . . .... .. ... ... ... ..... ..613 4.5.1. The meeting of the conspirators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,614 4.5.2. Ibn Maljam's dep-e and his meeting with Qu*, the daughter of ashshajnah .. ... ...... ... 615 4.5.3. Muhammad ihn d-Hanafiyyah narrated the story of the slaying of Amir al-Mu'mineen 'Ali ............ 617 4.5.4. The doctor's advice to 'Ali and his inclination towards the process of consultation ..... .. ... .. . .. ... ... . .618 4.5.5. Find advice of 'Ali to his sons d-Hasan and al-Hnsayn .... ... .... .. .... .. . ... .. . . ... ... . .. .... 618 Contents of Volume 2 4.5.6. 'Ali's prohibition of mutilation or torture . . of h s kdler. .... ... ... .. . ... . .... ... .... .. . . .. .. . . . .. . .. .. . .. ... .. . .. .621 4.5.7. The length of 'Ali's caliphate, the location of his grave and the age at which he was killed ....... 625 4.5.8. The speech of al-Hasan ibn 'Ali after the slaying of his father ................................ 627 4.5.9. Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqis praises 'Ali .................. 627 4.5.10. Abdullah ibn 'Umar praises 'Ali ibn Abi T2ib 627 4.5.11. How Mu'iwiyah responded to the news of 'Ali's slayin 4.5.12. What al-Hasan d-Basri said ... ... ... .. ... ... .. .... .. 629 4.5.13. What A of the murder of 'Ali 4.5.15. The danger posed by the misguided and deviant groups to the Muslims ....................... 631 4.5.16. The deeply entrenched grudges against the sincere believers that filled the hearts of the Kharijites.. . .... .... ... ... .. .... .. . .. ... ... .. ... .. ,632 4.5.17. Impact of a bad environment on the people who live in it 4.6. Eulogies for Amir d-Mu'mineen 'Ali .................... 635 41 Weak and fabricated hadiths about 'Ali ibn Abi T2lib Glossary of Islamic terms Bibliograph Arabic honorific symbols used in this book (&) : Subhrinahu wa ta'rila - "The Exalted" (B) : Salla-Allrihu 'alayhi wa sallam - "Blessings and peace be upon him" (s) : 'Alayhis-sal6m - "May peace be upon him" (&) : Rdiya-Allrihu 'anhu - "May Allah be pleased with him" (%) : Radiya-All6hu 'anha - "May Allah be pleased with her"

Pronunciation and Transliteration Chart Promnciation Transliterated short 'a', as in cat I v I /b/ as in bell, rubber and tab / b I or atu(n), ati(n) or ata(n) when in I Arabic word) uninterrupted speech I in word-final position as well / i las in Bach (in German); may occur/ kh t I J r/ as in raw, art and war; may also b r a rolled r, as with Spanish words /j/ as in jam, ajar and age a 'harsher' sound than the English initial /h/, and may occur medially and - , j initially and medially as well /dl as in do, muddy and red as in this, father, and with d dh

'Ali ibn Abi Tilib Arabic script I Pronunciation I no close equivalent in English, but I j i+* , j. may be approximated by pronouncing it as /sw/ or no close equivalent in English, I but may be approximated by I /z/ as in zoo, easy and gaze IS/ as in so, messy and grass as in ship, ashes and rush pronouncing /dl farther back in the mouth no close equivalent in English, . z s sh I but may be approximated by I I but may be approximated by I I i; I pronouncing 'the' I I farther back in the mouth no close equivalent in English: a guttural sound in pronouncing It/ farther back in the mouth no close equivalent in English, the back of the throat no close equivalent in English, but may be closely approximated by pronouncing it like the French /r/ in 'rouge' If/ as in fill, effort and muff dh Pronunciation and transliteration char1 Arabic script 1 Pronunciation /~ransliteratedl 2 I no close equivalent in English, I q 1 but may be approximated by pronouncing /k/ farther back in the mouth 1 /k/ as in king, buckle and tack k J Ifl/ as in lap, halo; in the word ~llah,l it becomes velarized as in ball f / /m/ as in men, simple and ram m I I In/ as in net, ant and can I n I / - - 1 /h/ as in hat; unlike /h/ in English, 1 h I I in Arabic /h/ is pronounced / i s \ as in yet and yard I Y 4 (as a vowel) b approximated by pronouncing it like 't' in the Cockney English initial position) ronunciation of buner: bu'er, or th in medial and word-hal positions as weli as in wet and away long u, as in boot and too is (as a vowel) != stop sound in uh - oh! w long e, as in eat, beef and see glottal stop: may be closely ee 'Ali ibn Abi Ttlib Diphthongs: Arabic script Pronunciation ji @I / fa@& (unstressed vowel) 1 Transliterated as: shorter version of ee or schwa kasrah (unstressed vowel) shorter version of oo Dammah Diacritical marks (tashkeel): Long o, as in owe, boat and go Long 'a', as in able, rain and say very short 'a' or schwa a doubled consonant is stressed in the word, and the length of the as: au, aw, ow ay, ai, ei a sound is also doubled no vowel sound between

About the word 'Lord' %e word lord in English bas several related meanings. The original meaning is 'master' or 'ruler', and in this sense it is often used to refer to human beings: 'the lord of the mansion' or 'Lord Soand-So' (in the United Kingdom, for example). The word Lord with a capital L is used in the lexicon of Islam to refer to the One and Only God-Allah. In Islam, there is no ambiguity about the meaning of this word. While it is true that one may occasionally use the word lord (whether capitalized or not) to refer to a human being, in Islamic discourse the reference of this term is always clear from the context. Whereas for Christians, Hindus and other polytheists, the word Lord with a capital L may refer to Allah, to Jesus or to some imagined deity, for Muslims, there can be no plurality of meaning. AUah alone is the Lord, and the Lord is AUah - not Jesus, not Rama, not any other being. The Editor

CHAPTER SIX The Battles of the Camel and Siffeen, and the Issue of Arbitration cAllah (s) says: 4If two parties among the Believers fall into a quarrel, make ye peace between them: but if one of them transgresses beyond bounds against the other, then fight ye [all] againstthe one that transgresses until it complies with the command of Allah, but if it complies, then rnake peace between them with justice, and be fair: for AUah loves those who are fair [and just]. The Believers are but a single Brotherhood: So make peace and reconciliation between your two [contending] brothers: And fear Allah that ye may receive Mercy.) (Quran 49: 9-10)

biography history companions sahabah caliphate-history

Keywords

ali ibn abi talib biography fourth caliph companion biography