4. Making up missed prayers

Whoever misses a prayer has to make it up. It is recommended to make it up immediately according to 'Ali (&), who said: "If a man sleeps and misses a prayer or forgets a prayer, let him pray when he wakes up or remembers."79 The Muslims are unanimously agreed on this, with no difference of opinion.80 The evidence for that is the words of the Messenger of Allah (g): "If one of you sleeps and misses a prayer, or forgets it, let him offer the prayer when he remembers, for Allah (&) says, (and perform as-Sulih [IqBmat-asSalih] for My remembranceb (Quran 20: 141.~' 5. ~ a r a w e e h ' ~ prayer It was narrated from Abu 'Abdur-Ram& as-Sulami that 'Ali (&) led them in praying qiyim ul-layl 83 in ama ad an.^^ It was also narrated that Isma'eel ibn Ziyid said: " 'Ali passed by the mosques during the month of Ramadan, and there were lamps in them." He said: "May Allah fill 'Umar's grave with light as he filled our mosques with light."85 On this the madh-habs of Ah1 as-Sunnah are agreeda6, and the evidence for that is the report narrated by Abu

'Ali ibn Abi Tcilib Hurayrah, according to which the Prophet (&) said: "Whoever prays q i y h in Ramadan out of faith and in the hope of reward, his previous sins will be forgi~en."'~ The point here is that taraweeh is a kind of q i y h , so it is ~unnah.~' Praying taraweeh in congregation is better, according to 'Ali (&), and he used to offer this prayer in congregation.89 It was narrated that 'Arfajah ath-Thaqafi said: "'Ali ibn Ahi Tilib would instruct the people to pray qiyim in Ramadan and appoint an imam for the men and an imam for the women." 'Arfajah said: "I was the imam for the women."y0 There is a precedent for taraweeh prayer in the actions of the Prophet (g). It was narrated from 'Urwah ibn az-Zuhayr that 'kishah (&) told him that the Messenger of Allah (g) came out in .. the middle of the night and prayed in the mosque, and some men followed his prayer. The next day, the people were talking about that, then more of them gathered; the Messenger of Allah (@) came out on the second night, and they followed his prayer. The next day, the people were talking about that, and the number of people in the mosque increased on the third night. He came out, and they followed his prayer. Then on the fourth night, the mosque could hardly contain the people, and the Messenger of AUah (g,) did not come out to them until he came out for the dawn prayer. When he had finished the dawn prayer, he turned to the people, recited the testimony of faith, and said: "I was not unaware of your situation last night, but I feared that this prayer might be made obligatory for you, and you would be unable to do it." When the Messenger of Allah (@)died, that was how it was.91