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Chapter 86 of 1482 min read
١. ثبوت هلال رمضان بشاهد واحد عدل
with moon sighting by one witness of good character The beginning of the month of Ramadan may, according to Amir al-Mu'mineeu 'Ali ibn Abi T%lib (&), be confirmed with the report of one witness of good character, whereupon the people are obliged to fast. It was narrated from FZtimah hint al-Husayn that a man bore witness before 'Ali ibn Abi Tiilib (&) that he had seen the new moon of Ramadan, so he fasted, and "I (the narrator) think he said: and he ordered the people to fast."13' This ruling is based on what is proven from the Messenger of Allah (&): "Fast when you see it, and break the fast when you see it. Lf it is cloudy, then reckon the month of ~ha'biin'~' as thirty days."132 Al-Nawawi said: "What is meant is sighting (of the moon) by some of the Muslims. It is not essential for it to be sighted by everyone; rather it is sufficient for all people if it is seen by two men of good character, or by one man of good character according to the
'Ali ibn Abi Trilib more correct opinion. With regard to the breaking of the fast, the testimony of one man of good character of having seen the new moon of ~ h a w w 2 l ' ~ ~ is not sufficient, according to all scholars except Thawr, who said that the testimony of one man of good character is acceptable in this case."'34