1. The oath of allegiance to 'Ali (&)

سيرة علي بن أبي طالب — الجزء 34

1.1. How allegiance was sworn to 'Ali (&) o n Friday, 18 Dhul-Wjjah 35 AH,' the Rightly Guided Caliph 'Uthmin ibn 'Af& (&) was martyred at the hands of outlaw rebels, who killed him (&) unlawfully and wrongfully. They had come from various regions and various tribes that were not known for any service to Islam or any good achievement in this world. After this, all of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (g) who were left in Madinah swore allegiance to 'Ali (&) as caliph. There was no one better than him at that time, so no one else claimed leadership after 'Uthmk (&). 'Ali (&), the father of the two grandsons of the Prophet (&), was not eager for it, and he only accepted it after strong urging from those of the Companions who were left in Madinah, for fear that the tribulations might increase and spread further. Despite that, he was not spared the criticism of some ignorant people as the result of turmoil that took place later on, such as the battles of the Camel and Siffeen, the flames of which were fanned by those who The oath ofallegiance to Xli, his characteristics & his way of life hated Islam, such as Ibn Saba' and his followers, whom he led astray due to their evil nature and the deviation of their hearts from true guidance. The manner in which they selected 'Ali (&) for the caliphate was narrated by some of the scholar^.^ Abu Bakr al-Khalla narrated with his sound chain of narration going back to Muhammad ibn alHanafiyyah that the latter said: "I was with 'Ali (&) when 'Utbmgn (4) was under siege. A man came to 'Ali and said: ' 'Amir alMu'mineen has just been killed.' 'Ah (&) got up, and I grabbed him by the waist, fearing for him. He said: 'Let me go, may you be bereft of your mother!' 'Ali (&) went to the house where 'Uthmsn had been killed, may Allah have mercy on him. He went into his house and shut the door. The people came to him and knocked at the door, then they entered upon him and said: 'This man has been killed, and the people must have a caliph. We do not know of anyone more desenring of that than you.' 'Ali (&) said to them: 'You do not want me; I would rather be an adviser to you than a leader.' They said: 'No, by Allah, we do not know of anyone more deserving of it than you.' He said: 'If you insist on me, then allegiance to me should not be sworn in secret. Rather I will go out to the mosque and accept the people's a~le~iance."'~ According to another report narrated from S a m ibn Abi Ja'd from Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah: "The Companions of the Messenger of AUah came to him and said: 'This man has been killed, and the people must have a leader. We do not find anyone who is more deserving of that than you, or who is more senior in Islam, or closer to the Messenger of AUah (@I.' 'Ali (&) said: 'Do not do it, for I would rather be an adviser to you than a leader.' They said: 'No, by Allah, we will not do anything until we swear allegiance to you.' He said: 'Then (do it) in the mosque, for allegiance to me should not be hidden, and it should only be with the approval of the Muslims.' "

CHAPTER THREE The Oath of Allegiance to 'Ali (&), the most important of his characteristics and his way of life in society

biography history companions sahabah caliphate-history

Keywords

ali ibn abi talib biography fourth caliph companion biography

Books/The Biography of Ali ibn Abi Talib/Ch. 34

Chapters

Introduction 1. Introduction 2. 3. How 'Ali lived with the Qur'an,3. 5. The most important exploits of 'Ali ibn Abi Titlib between 4. 6. The most important exploits of 'Ali between the Battle 5. CHAPTER 11 6. 2. Some of the virtues and most important characteristics 7. 2. Judicial institution 8. 4. Regarding the opinions of the Companions and 9. 2. Appointment of governors at the time of 'Ali ............... 589 10. 1. Names, Lineage, Attributes and Family 11. 2. His coming to Islam and his most 12. 3. The religion of Allah (&) will never be supported except by one 13. 2. Ali's response to the command of the Prophet (B) was an 14. 3. The fact that the polytheists had deposited items for safekeeping 15. 5. This great hadith clearly points to the courage of 'Ali (&). He 16. 3. How Amir al-Mu'mineen 17. 1. Allah (B) said:18. 2. He was one of those concerning whom AUah revealed the words:19. 3. The Qur'an confumed his view that jihad is superior to 20. 5. The most important exploits of 21. 6. The most important exploits of 22. 7. If a chid is breastfed along with his patemal uncle, he 23. 1. Difference of opinion among the Companions is proven to have 24. 2. As for what the Rgfidis claim, that the difference of opinion 25. 3. Concerning the meaning of the words of Ibu 'Abbss, 'The real 26. 4. As for their claims that the Prophet (B)27. 5. As for the RZfidis' slander against 'Umar (&) and their claim that 28. 6. Let us examine their claim that 'Umar (&) objected to the 29. 1. They claimed that this hadith was fabricated by Abu B a h a$-30. 2. They claimed that this hadith was contrary to the words of Allah,31. 3. They claim that the prohibition on inheritance and quoting of 32. 5. Fstimah's goodwill towards Abu Bakr (A).33. 2. A 34. 1. The oath of allegiance to 'Ali (&)35. 1. The oath of allegiance to 'Ali (&)36. 1. The verse in which Allah says: $Allah has promised those 37. 2. The words of the Prophet (g):38. 3. The words of the Prophet (g)39. 5. It was narrated that Abu Sa'eed al-Kkudri said: "The Messenger 40. 1. Muhammad ibn Sa'd narrated that there was consensus on 41. 3. Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari said: "We a f h e d the validity of 42. 7. Abdullah alduwayni said: "With regard to 'Umar, 'Uthmin and 43. 8. Abu Abdullah ihn Bat@ said: 'The oath of allegiance to 'Ali 44. 9. Al-Ghazili said: "They all agreed on the superiority of Abu 45. 10. Abu Bakr ibn al-'Arabi said: "When AUah decreed what He 46. 11. Ibn Taymiyah said: "The Companions of the Messenger of Allah 47. 12. Ibn Hajar said: "The swearing of allegiance to 'Ali (&) as 48. 1. The claim that a number of the Companions abstained from 49. 3. Consensus regarding the caliphate of Abu Bakr (&) was 50. 5. Mu'iwiyah (&) did not fight 'Ali (A) for the position of 51. 2. Some of the virtues and most 52. 3. Mentioning opposite meanings, which makes the meaning 53. 5. The ideas in this sermon are strongly influenced by the Holy 54. 3. Following the way of the Qur'an. This message was based on the 55. 6. Using a gentle approach so as to attract listeners and not put 56. 1. Financial institutions 57. 2. Judicial institutions 58. 1. The Companions were agreed on this method, and the steps they 59. 3. Consensus, which must be based on a text of the Qur'an or 60. 1. The judiciary at that time was a continuation of the way it was at 61. 3. The Rightly Guided Caliphs and some of the regional governors 62. 7. A precise administrative system for the judiciary was developed 63. 8. The qualifications of the judges were general in most cases and 64. 11. Judicial procedures at this time were simple and straightforward.65. 9. Abdullah ibu 'Abbk, who was 'Ali's governor in Basra. Abu al-66. 10. Sa'eed ibn N i m h d-Hamadiini, whom 'Ali (&) appointed 67. 12. Muhammad ibn Yazeed ibn Khnlaydah ash-Shaybhi. 'Ali 68. 3. The Islamic jurisprudence of 69. 1. The urine of a baby girl needs to be washed,70. 2. The sleep of one who is sitting up,71. 4. Reciting Qur'an without the mushaf in whatever 72. 5. Intercourse with a menstruating woman 73. 2. The one who does not pray is a disbeliever 74. 3. Repeating a prayer w i t h its time 75. 4. Making up missed prayers 76. 6. Eid prayer in the mosque for the old and weak 77. 7. A man washing his wife (after she has died)78. 8. The shroud is to be paid for from 79. 9. The shroud of a man and a woman,80. 10. Washing and shrouding of the martyr 81. 1. There is no zaksh due on wealth until one 82. 2. The minimum threshold for gold and silver 83. 3. Minimum threshold for camels and 84. 5. There is no zak& on vegetables, huits and honey 85. 7. Giving zaksh to one's parents or children 86. 1. The beginning of the Ramadan fast may be confinned 87. 2. Fasting of one who is in a state of 88. 4. The status of i'tikrif 138 89. 2. Pilgrim in &rSm killing a threatening animal 90. 6. Delegating Hajj 91. 7. Uncertainty as to the number of stones thrown 92. 1. Catching up with the 93. 2. Meat slaughtered by Arab Christians 94. 3. Meat slaughtered for glory 95. 5. Food of the polytheists and Magians other than meat 96. 6. Leaving white hair 97. 7. Playing with dice and playing chess 98. 11. Marriage of a eunuch 99. 12. One who gets married to two sisters 100. 13. Prohibition on anal intercourse with one's wife 101. 5. Selling booty to the disbelievers 102. 7. The covenant with dhimmi~,'~~103. 4. Regarding the opinions 104. 1. The first opinion is that it is binding. This is the view of 105. 5. The fifth opinion is that only the views of the four Rightly 106. 1. Ash-Sh3aifa'i 107. 3. The opinion of Imam M%ik with regard to the actions of the 108. 5. Ash-Sh2ebi said, in his commentary on the words of the Prophet 109. 1. Regions of the state 110. 2. The words attributed to Qays ihn Sa'd, "We have sworn 111. 3. The alleged letter from Mu'2wiyah to Qays ibn Sa'd and his 112. 5. What was mentioned about Mu'iwiyah fabricating a letter in the 113. 6. The narration of these many letters among Qays, Mud2wiyah and 114. 5. It explained 'Ali's hesitation to dismiss Qays until the people put 115. 1. What he mentioned about the people of Syria swearing 116. 3. The accusation that Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr killed 'Uthm2n 117. 2. Appointment of governors 118. 1. Events that preceded the Battle of the Camel ... ... .... ..... .. 25 119. 2. The Battle of Siffeen (37 AH) ...... . ... ... ... .... .. .... .... ..... ... 142 120. 3. Arbitratio 121. 1. The Khanjites .... ...... .... . ... .... ... ... .. ... .. .. . .. . . . ... .... ... .... . .. . ..251 122. 4. The last days of the life of Amir d-Mn'mineen 123. 1. Events that preceded the 124. 2. The Battle of Siffeen (37 AH)125. 3. Arbitration 126. 3. We have agreed to accept the ruling of the Qur'an and adhere to 127. 17. The Ummah is bound by the deal that is reached with regard to 128. 5. If one or both parties refuse to accept the verdict of the two 129. 1. The Kharijites 130. 3. We will not fight you unless you fight us.49 131. 2. If slaves. women or children fight on the side of the 132. 6. A truce should not be made with Muslim opponents specifying a 133. 9. Muslim transgressors should not he fought in ways that will 134. 10. It is not permissible to seize booty from their wealth or to take 135. 15. The ruling on one who is in the right inheriting from one who is 136. 16. If the transgressors cannot be fought off except by killing them,137. 2. Amir al-Mu'mineen 'Ali 138. 3. Beliefs of the Imami Rsfidi Shia 139. 4. They believe in this compt belief that has nothing to do 140. 12. Al-Hasan ibn 'Ali al-'Askari (d. 260 AH)141. 1. The verse of the imamate (Qur'an 5: 55)142. 2. The verse of m u b a a l a h (Qur'an 3: 61)143. 1. The speech at Ghadeer Khunun 144. 2. The hadith about 'Ali (&) being appointed in charge 145. 1. The hadith of the bird 146. 2. The hadith of the house 147. 3. The hadith, "I am the city of knowledge, and 148. 4. The last days of the life of

Chapter 34 of 1483 min read

1. The oath of allegiance to 'Ali (&)

سيرة علي بن أبي طالب — الجزء 34

1.1. How allegiance was sworn to 'Ali (&) o n Friday, 18 Dhul-Wjjah 35 AH,' the Rightly Guided Caliph 'Uthmin ibn 'Af& (&) was martyred at the hands of outlaw rebels, who killed him (&) unlawfully and wrongfully. They had come from various regions and various tribes that were not known for any service to Islam or any good achievement in this world. After this, all of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (g) who were left in Madinah swore allegiance to 'Ali (&) as caliph. There was no one better than him at that time, so no one else claimed leadership after 'Uthmk (&). 'Ali (&), the father of the two grandsons of the Prophet (&), was not eager for it, and he only accepted it after strong urging from those of the Companions who were left in Madinah, for fear that the tribulations might increase and spread further. Despite that, he was not spared the criticism of some ignorant people as the result of turmoil that took place later on, such as the battles of the Camel and Siffeen, the flames of which were fanned by those who The oath ofallegiance to Xli, his characteristics & his way of life hated Islam, such as Ibn Saba' and his followers, whom he led astray due to their evil nature and the deviation of their hearts from true guidance. The manner in which they selected 'Ali (&) for the caliphate was narrated by some of the scholar^.^ Abu Bakr al-Khalla narrated with his sound chain of narration going back to Muhammad ibn alHanafiyyah that the latter said: "I was with 'Ali (&) when 'Utbmgn (4) was under siege. A man came to 'Ali and said: ' 'Amir alMu'mineen has just been killed.' 'Ah (&) got up, and I grabbed him by the waist, fearing for him. He said: 'Let me go, may you be bereft of your mother!' 'Ali (&) went to the house where 'Uthmsn had been killed, may Allah have mercy on him. He went into his house and shut the door. The people came to him and knocked at the door, then they entered upon him and said: 'This man has been killed, and the people must have a caliph. We do not know of anyone more desenring of that than you.' 'Ali (&) said to them: 'You do not want me; I would rather be an adviser to you than a leader.' They said: 'No, by Allah, we do not know of anyone more deserving of it than you.' He said: 'If you insist on me, then allegiance to me should not be sworn in secret. Rather I will go out to the mosque and accept the people's a~le~iance."'~ According to another report narrated from S a m ibn Abi Ja'd from Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah: "The Companions of the Messenger of AUah came to him and said: 'This man has been killed, and the people must have a leader. We do not find anyone who is more deserving of that than you, or who is more senior in Islam, or closer to the Messenger of AUah (@I.' 'Ali (&) said: 'Do not do it, for I would rather be an adviser to you than a leader.' They said: 'No, by Allah, we will not do anything until we swear allegiance to you.' He said: 'Then (do it) in the mosque, for allegiance to me should not be hidden, and it should only be with the approval of the Muslims.' "

CHAPTER THREE The Oath of Allegiance to 'Ali (&), the most important of his characteristics and his way of life in society

biography history companions sahabah caliphate-history

Keywords

ali ibn abi talib biography fourth caliph companion biography