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Chapter 116 of 1487 min read
سيرة علي بن أبي طالب — الجزء 116
(&) with his arrow is false. There are weak reports concerning that. Moreover, the text is odd because it is contrary to the sound report which states that the killer was an Egyptian man.'20 Dr. Y&ya al-Y&ya stated a number of reasons to support the innocence of Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr in the murder of 'Uthm2n (&), including the following: a. 'A'ishah (I&) went out to Basra to pursue the killers of . .
'Ali ibn Abi Tcilib 'UthmZn (4). If her brother had been one of them, she would not have mourned for him when he was killed. h. 'ALi (&) cursed the killers of 'Uthmin (&) and disavowed them, which implies that he would not bring them close to him or appoint them to positions of authority. He would not have appointed Muhammad ihn Abi Bakr as governor of Egypt if he had been one of the murderers. c. Ibn 'As%ir narrated with his chain of narration that Muhammad ihn Tabah ibn Musarraf said: "I heard Kinkah, the freed slave of Saiiyyah hint Huyayy, say: 'I was present when 'Uthmh was killed, and I was fourteen years old.' He said: 'Was Mulpmmad ibn Ahi Bakr directly involved in his killing?' He said: 'Allah forbid. He entered upon him, and 'Uthmiin (&) said: "0 son of my brother, yon are not the one who would kill me." So he went out, and he did not play any role in the actual killing."''z' This is also borne out by the report narrated by Khaleefah ihn KhayyZC and at-Tahari, with a chain of narration whose men are trustworthy, from al-Hasan alBasri, who was one of those present on the day 'Uthmh (&)was killed,'" according to which Ibn Ahi Bakr took hold of 'Uthmk's beard and 'Uthmk (&) said to him: . . "Yon are holding me in a way that your father would never have done." So he went out and left him.123 Thus it is clear that M&ammad ihn Abi Bakr as-Siddeeq is innocent of shedding 'Uthmh's blood just as the wolf was innocent of shedding the blood of the prophet Yoosuf. It is also clear that the reason why he was accused was that he entered the house before the killing took place.124 Ibn Katheer (may Allah have mercy on him) said that when 'Uthmh (&) Governors at the time of 'Ali ibn Abi Tilib spoke to him, he felt ashamed and he turned back and felt regret. He covered his face and tried to defend him, hut his efforts did not d. The reports about Mu'iwiyah ibn Abi Snfyin (&) threatening Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr with mutilation, and what was mentioned about putting the body of Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr in the carcass of a donkey and burning it, are all contrary to Islamic rulings concerning the handling of the dead. It is narrated that it is forbidden to mutilate the bodies of disbelievers, so how about the bodies of Muslims? Muslim narrated in his sahih that when the Messenger of Allah (g) appointed commanders for an army or expedition, he would advise them personally to fear Allah (&) and to be good to those Muslims who were under their command. Then he would say: "Fight in the name of Allah (s) for the sake of Allah. Fight those who disbelieve in AUah (B). Fight, but do not steal from the war booty, do not break your promises, do not mutilate (the enemy dead) and do not kill children."126 Ash-Shifa'i said: "When the Muslims captured some polytheists and wanted to kill them, they killed them by beheading, but they did not go beyond that. They did not mutilate them by cutting off hands or feet or any part of the body, or stabbing them in the stomach or burning or drowning or anything beyond what was described, because the Messenger of Allah (@) forbade mutilation." lz7 Can it be thought that the noble Companions would go against this ruling when they were, as Ibn Mas'ood described them, "the best of this Ummah, the most righteous in heart, the deepest in knowledge, the most straightforward, people whom AUah chose to accompany His Prophet (g) and convey His religion, so follow their
'Ali ibn Abi Tcilib example and their ways, for they are the Companions of Muhammad, they were following true guidance, by the Lord of the ~ a ' b a b " ? ' ~ ~ Ibn Abi H2tim said concerning them: Allah (s) enjoins us to adhere to their guidance and follow their way and example, as He says: 4And [whoever] follows other than the believers' way, We shall keep him in the path he has chosen, and bum him in hell - what an evil destination!) (Quran 4: 115) The soundest report about burning him was what was narrated by atTabarini from al-Hasan al-Basri, who said: "He captured this evildoer, Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, in one of the mountain passes of Egypt and put him inside the carcass of a donkey and burned him," I29 But this report is mursal because al-Hasan al-Basri was not present at that event and did not name for us the one from whom he transmitted it, in addition to the fact that the text does not state who did the burning. Moreover, al-Hasan would not have called him an evildoer when he knew that 'Ali (&) praised him and gave him precedence over others.130 e. What was mentioned about 'Ali (4) saying, "the evildoer son of the evildoer," meaning Mu'iiwiyah ibn Abu Sufyk. It is unlikely that 'Ali (&) would utter such words since his dispute was with-Mu'iiwiyah, not his father. Abu Sufyh (&) bad entered Islam and become a good Muslim, and he died before the murder of 'Uthmin (&), so he did not live to witness the tur~noil.'~' AUah (%) says: BAnd no bearer of burdens shall bear another's burden) (Quran 35: 18). The Companions were the most knowledgeable of people about the Book of Allah and the most committed to adhering to its limits, so bow can such words be attributed to them?'32 f. What was mentioned about Mn'iwiyah ibn Hudayj (&), when he was asked by 'Amr ibn al-'AS (&) to capture Ibn Governors at the time of 'Ali ibn Abi Tilib Abi Bakr, reciting the verse, (Are your disbelievers [O Quraysh!] better than these [nations of Nooh (Noah), Loot (Lot), Silih, and the people of Fir'awn (Pharaoh), who were destroyed)]? Or have you an immunity [against Our Torment] in the Divine Scriptures?b (Quran 54: 43) This implies that he was accusing Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr and others of being disbelievers. Such a thing is unknown among the Companions (may AUah be pleased with them); whatever happened among them, it did not reach the level of denouncing one another as disbelievers. Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqis (&) explained that when he said: "Whatever happened among us was not of a religious nature."133 Moreover, Mn'iwiyah ibn Hudayj was one of the troops of 'Amr ibn al-'As, (&) and he would not have refused the request of his commander.'34 g. What was narrated about Muhammad ibn Abi Bala saying that 'Uthmin (&) was unjust and did not rule according to Quran. I could not find any origin for this statement to prove that it could be soundly attributed to Ibn Abi Bakr. As for Ibn Abi Bakr's stating that 'Uthm2n (&) was innocent of all false accusations, this is too well-known to be denied.135 I have discussed it in detail in my book Tayseer al-Kareem al-Manncin j+? Seerat 'Uthmcin ibn 'Affin (The Biography of 'Uthmin ibn 'Affin). 1.8. Basra Amir al-Mu'mineen 'Ali ibn Abi Taib (&) sent 'Uthmin ihn Haneef to govern Basra in place of its former governor Abdullah ibn 'h, who had left and gone to Makkah. 'Uthmin ibn Haneef al-An&i had experience of the region, because he had previously been appointed by 'Umar (&) to survey the Iraqi