7. A precise administrative system for the judiciary was developed

during this time. Both 'Umar and 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with them) sent well-known letters to the judges and govemors, highlighting the judiciary system and explaining its constitution and methods. In addition to these letters, the caliphs followed up with the judges and monitored them. They discussed issues with them, asked how they were doing and found out how they were handling their cases. They also asked them to refer difficult and serious cases to them. This involvement reached a peak at the time of 'Umar (&) , . but decreased a Little during the time of 'Uthmh (&). It weakened at the time of 'Ali (&), as a result of the turmoil and civil war, as well as the emergence of the autonomous trend in Syria and the consequences to which it led, in addition to the development of a number of power bases.