Part 107

18-19, 32-33 40 Nawwar, Salah ad-Deen, Al-'Udwdn as-Saleebi 'aid al-lAlam al-Isldmi, p. 22 41 Abu Zayd, Shakir Ahmad, Al-Huroob as-Saleebiyah wal-Usrah az-Zinkiyah, p. 17 42 'Ashoor, Sa'eed, Al-Harakah as-Saleebiyah, vol. 1, p. 20; An-Nasir, Muhammad Hasir, Al-Jihdd wat-Tajdeed fil-Qarn as-Sddis al-Hijri, p. 80 43 An-Nasir, Al-Jihdd wat-Tajdeed, p. 80 44 Ar-Rubay'i, 'Abd-Allah, Athar ash-Sharq al-Isldmi fl-Fikr al-Urubbi khildl al-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, p. 81 45 Al-'Urayni, Dr. as-Sayyid al-Baz, Ash-Sharq al-Adnd fil-Usoor al-Wustd alAyoobiyoon, pp. 13-14 46 Durant, Will, Qissat al-Haddrah [The Story of Civilization], vol. 4, p. 16 47 An-Nasir, Al-Jihdd wat-Tajdeed, p. 81 20 Khaleel, op. cit., p. 38 21 Khaleel, op. cit., p. 28 22 Husayn, Mamdooh, Al-Huroob as-Saleebiyah fee Shimdl Ifreeqiyah wa Atharuha al-Haddri, 1989, p. 10 48 Mahmood, Dr. Ali 'Abd al-Haleem, Al-Ghazw as-Saleebi wal-Alam alIsldmi, p. 108 49 'Ashoor, Sa'eed, Al-Harakah as-Saleebiyah, vol. 1, p. 30 50 'Abd al-Haleem, 'Ali, Al-Ghazw as-Saleebi wal-Alam al-Isldmi, p. 109 51 Sa'eed, Al-Harakah as-Saleebiyah, vol. 1, pp. 26 & 28 52 Shalabi, Dr. Ahmad, At-Tdreekh al-lsldmi wal-Haddrah al-lsldmiyah, vol. 5, p. 438 53 Ar-Rubay'i, Athar ash-Sharq al-lsldmi fil-Fikr al-Urubbi, p. 26 54 Al-Waseet fee Tdreekh Filasteen fil-Asr al-lsldmi al-Waseet, p. 152 55 Fawzi, Farooq 'Umar, Al-Waseet fee Tdreekh Filasteen, p. 152 56 Al-Ma'adeedi, Khashi', Muhammad ,Sawadi 'Abd, and Noori, Durayd 'Abd al-Qadir, Tdreekh al-Watan al-Arabi wal-Ghazw as-Saleebi, p. 22 57 Al-Wakeel, Asbdb ad-Da f fil-Ummah al-Isldmiyah, p. 157 58 'Abd al-Haleem, 'Ali, Al-Ghazw as-Saleebi wal-Alam al-lsldmi, p. 110 59 'Ashoor, Sa'eed 'Abd al-Fattah, Urubbd fd-Usoor al-Wustd vol. 2, p. 49; Fawzi, op. cit., p. 154 60 Fawzi, op. cit., p. 155 61 Al-Kdmil fit-Tdreekh, quoted in Fawzi, Al-Waseet fee Tdreekh Filasteen, p. 154 62 Fawzi, op. cit., p. 156 63 the 'Farthest Mosque', mentioned in the Quran (17: 1) 64 'Ashoor, Dr. Fayad Hammad, Jihad al-Muslimeen fil-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, p. 86 65 Al-Ma'adeedi et al, op. cit., p. 24 66 An-Nasir, Al-Jihdd wat-Tajdeed, p. 84 67 ibid. 68 Al-Ma'adeedi et al., p. 24 69 Ar-Rubay'i, op. cit., p. 138 70 Ar-Rubay'i, p. 34 71 'Ashoor, Sa'eed, Al-Harakah as-Saleebiyah, vol. 1, pp. 30-32 72 Al-Janzoori, Dr. 'Aliyah, Al-Huroob as-Saleebiyah al-Muqaddimdt as-Siydsiyah, p. 249 73 An-Nasir, Muhammad Hamid, Al-Jihdd wat-Tajdeed, p. 83 74 Husayn, Mamdooh op. cit., pp. 11-13 75 ibid., p. 12 76 The word 'Maghreb' here applies to Andalusia and the Muslim islands in the western Mediterranean, in addition to the lands of the Arab Maghreb. 77 Husayn, Mamdooh op. cit., p. 13 78 ibid., p. 14 79 ibid., p. 15 80 Lewis, Archibald, Naval Power and Trade in the Mediterranean (Princeton 1951, 1970), p. 372; Title in Arabic: Al-Quwwah al-Bahriyah wat-Tijdriyah fil-Bahr al-Mutawassit 81 Husayn op. cit, p. 16 Al-Kdmil fit-Tdreekh, quoted in Husayn, Al-Huroob as-Saleebiyah fee Shimdl lfreeqiyah, p. 17 83 Husayn op. cit., p. 18 84 Al-Janzoori, Dr. 'Aliyah op. cit., p. 253 85 Yoosuf, Joseph Naseem, Al-Arab war-Room al-Lateen fil-Huroob as-Saleebiyah al-Oold, vol. 1, p. 150 86 Al-Janzoori, Dr. 'Aliyah op. cit., p. 254 87 ibid., p. 254; Yoosuf, op. cit., vol. 1, p. 56 88 'Awad, Dr. Muhammad Al-Huroob as-Saleebiyah wal-'Alaqdt bayn ash-Sharq wal-Gharb, p. 63 89 'Awad, op. cit., p. 65 90 ibid., p. 65 91 Hadarat al-'Arab [La Civilisation des Arabes], quoted in Naqli, A., Dawr alFuqahd' wal-'Ulamd' al-Muslimeen fish-Sharq al-Adnd, p. 237 92 Durant, Will, Qissat al-Haddrah [The Story of Civilization], vol. 15, pp. 1516; Hamada, Muhammad Mahir, Wathd'iq Al-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, pp. 99-100 93 Naqli, Asiya, Dawr al-Fuqahd' wal-(Ulamd' al-Muslimeen fish-Sharq al-Adnd, p. 237 94 ibid., p. 237 95 Barker, Earnest, Al-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, p. 51; Naqli, op. cit., p. 238 96 'Awad, Muhammad Mu'nis, Dirdsdt fee Tdreekh: al-Aldqdt bayn ash-Sharq wal-Gharb, p. 67 97 Armstrong, Karen, Holy War: The Crusades and their Impact on Today's World (Random House, 2001), p. 35; Title in Arabic: Al-Harb al-Muqaddasah al-Hamaldt as-Saleebiyah wa Athruha 'aid al-Alam al-Yawm 98 'Awad op. cit., p. 68 99 Bible verses in English taken from the King James Version (Translator) 100 'Awad, op. cit., p. 69 101 'Awad, op. cit., p. 69 102 'Abdullah, Dr. Qasim, Al-Khalafiyah al-Eediyulujiyah lil-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, pp. 24-25 103 Fans, Duroos wa Ta'ammuldt fil-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, p. 18 104 'Awad op. cit., p. 69 105 ibid., p. 70 106 'Awad op. cit., p. 70 107 Naqli, op. cit., p. 239 108 La Civilisation des Arabes, original quote translated in Naqli op. cit. p. 239 109 'Awad op. cit., p. 21 110 Naqli op. cit., p. 240 111 ibid., p. 240 112 ibid., p. 240 113 Naqli op. cit., p. 241 114 Naqli op. cit., p. 241 115 ibid., p. 241 116 in shd'Allah: God willing 117 'Awad op. cit., p. 71 118 Naqli op. cit., p. 37 119 ibid., p. 27 120 Rdfidi is a term used by Sunni scholars to refer to particularly deviant Shiite sects. (Editor) 121 As-Sallabi, Dawlat as-Saldjiqah, pp. 550-525 122 Salim, as-Sayyid 'Abd al-'Azeez, and Salim, Sahr 'Abd al-'Azeez, Dirdsdt fee Tdreekh al-Ayubiyeen wal-Mamdleek, p. 27 123 ibid., p. 28 124 Salim & Salim op. cit., p. 31 125 Batini is a term (a pejorative one) used to refer to certain groups, such as the Alawis, the Ismailis, and the Sufis, who place great emphasis on the esoteric (batini or inner) meanings of the Quran. Al-Batiniyah is the term for the groups and the philosophy they espouse. (Editor) 126 ibid., p. 31 127 Khaleefah, Jamal, Mawqif Fuqahdd ash-Shdm wa Quddtihd min al-Ghazw as-Saleebi, p. 68 128 Khaleefah op.