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cit., p. 93 129 ibid., p. 93 130 Ibn al-Atheer, Al-Kdmilfit-Tdreekh, vol. 8, p. 397 131 Khaleefah op. cit., p. 94 132 Khaleefah op. cit., p. 95 133 ibid., p. 95 134 ibid., p. 96 135 Khaleefah op. cit., p. 96 136 ibid., p. 97 137 Khaleefah op. cit., p. 97 138 ibid, p. 98 139 Khaleefah op. cit., p. 98 140 jdhiliyah: lit. 'ignorance'; the age of spiritual darkness before Islam 141 Khaleefah op. cit., p. 98 142 Khaleefah op. cit., p. 98 143 Khaleefah op. cit., p. 99 144 ulema: Arabic plural form meaning 'scholars' 145 Khaleefah op. cit., p. 93 146 ibid., p. 93 147 Al-Kamil fit-Tdreekh, quoted in Khaleefah op. cit. 147 Al-Kamilfit-Tdreekh, quoted in Khaleefah op. cit. 148 Khaleefah op. cit., p. 120 149 Al-Kamilfit-Tareekh, quoted in Khaleefah op. cit., p. 120 150 Sha'ban: the eighth month of the Islamic lunar calendar 151 Khaleefah op. cit., p. 120 ibid., p. 121 ibid., p. 121 154 Ibn al-Atheer, Al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, vol. 8, p. 425 155 Khaleefah op. cit., p. 122 156 ibid., p. 129 157 As-Sareesi, 'Umar, Nusoos min Adah Asr al-Hurooh as-Saleebiyah, p. 26 158 al-Jazeerah: the island 159 al-Ghamidi, Musfeer ibn Salim ibn 'Urayj, Al-Jihad didd as-Saleebiyeen fish-Sharq al-Isldmi, p. 123; Habashi, Hasan, Noor ad-Deen Mahmood was-Saleebiyeen, p. 11 160 Khaleel, 'Imad ad-Deen, Al-Imdrdt al-Artuqiyah fish-Sham wal-Jazeerah, p. 201 161 al-Ghamidi, M. op. cit., p. 137 ibid., p. 138 Ibid., p. 138 Ibn al-Atheer, Al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, vol. 8, p. 400 Ibn al-Atheer op. cit., vol. 8, p. 400 166 ibid. 167 Ibn al-Atheer op. cit., vol. 8, p. 400 168 al-Bayshawi, Sa'eed 'Abdullah & 'Awad, Muhammad Mu'nis, Tdreekh Huroob as-Saleebiyah, vol. 2, p. 328 169 ibid. vol. 2, p. 350 al-Ghamidi, M,. 170 Al-Jihdddiddas-Saleebiyeen, p. 140 171 ibid. 172 al-Ghamidi, M. op. cit., p. 140 173 adh-Dhahabi, Duwal al-Isldm, vol. 2, p. 250 174 Taqqoosh, Muhammad Suhayl, Tdreekh az-Zankiyeen fil-Mawsil wa Bildd ash-Sham, p. 62 175 ibid. 176 p. 63 Khaleel 177 'Imad ad-Deen, Al-Muqdwamah al-Isldmiyah lil-Ghazw as-Saleebi, p. 95 178 Barker, Earnest, Al-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, vol. 2, pp. 71-72; 179 Khaleel op. cit., p. 96 180 ibid. 181 p. 96 Khaleel op. cit., p. 97 182 Ibn al-Atheer, Al-Kdmil fit-Tdreekh, vol. 8, p. 466 183 ibid. 184 vol 8, p. 466; Khaleel 185 Al-Muqdwamah al-Isldmiyah lil-Ghazw as-Saleebi, p. 97 186 Barker op. cit., p. 98 187 Khaleel op. cit., p. 99 188 Taqqoosh op. cit, p. 65 189 ibid. 190 Khaleel op. cit., p. 100 191 ibid. 192 p. 102 369 Mu'nis, op. cit., p. 167 370 Mu'nis, op. cit., p. 167 371 op. cit., p. 168 372 ibid. 373 Armstrong, al-Huroob al-Muqaddasah al-Hamaldt as-Saleebiyah wa Atharuha 'ala al-Alam al-Yawm, p. 245 [Holy War: The Crusades and their Impact on Today's World, p. 129] 374 al-Maqdisi op. cit., vol. 1, p. 157 375 Abu al-Hayja', Shi'r al-Jihad ash-Shdmifee Muwdjahat as-Saleebiyeen, p. 10 376 Taqqoosh, op. cit., p. 156 377 al-Qalanisi, op. cit., p. 280; Khaleel, op. cit., p. 156 378 op. cit., p. 157 379 Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob fee Akhbdr Bani Ayyoob, vol. 1, p. 96; Khaleel, op. cit., p. 157 380 Khaleel, p. 157 381 op. cit., p. 157 382 op. cit., p. 4 383 Ibn Wasil op. cit., vol. 1, p. 4; Khaleel op. cit, p. 159 384 Khaleel op. cit, p. 160 385 al-Qalanisi op. cit., p. 240, 241; Khaleel op. cit., p. 160 386 Khaleel op. cit, p. 160 387 Khaleel op. cit, p. 161 388 al-'Adeem, Zubdat al-Halab, vol. 2, p. 252 389 al-Jazar: an area on the outskirts of Aleppo; Mu'jam al-Bulddn, vol. 2, p. 71 390 al-'Adeem op. cit., vol. 2, p. 254; Khaleel, 'Imddad-Deen Zanki, p. 161 391 al-Qalanisi op. cit., p. 255-256; Khaleel, 'Imdd ad-Deen Zanki, p. 161 392 al-'Urayni, al-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, vol. 1, p. 510; Khaleel op. cit., p. 161 393 Khaleel, 'Imdd ad-Deen Zanki, p. 162; al-'Adeem op. cit., vol. 2, p. 263 394 Ibn al-Atheer, Al-Kdmil fit-Tdreekh, quoted in, Khaleel op. cit., p. 162 395 al-'Adeem op. cit, vol. 2, p. 271; Khaleel op. cit, p. 162 396 al-'Adeem op. cit., vol. 2, p. 275; Khaleel, 'Imddad-Deen Zanki, p. 162 397 Khaleel op. cit., p. 163; al-'Adeem op. cit., vol. 2, p. 275 398 al-'Adeem op. cit., vol. 2, p. 276; Khaleel op. cit., p. 163 399 al-Qalanisi op. cit., p. 278; al-'Adeem, Zubdat al-Halab, vol. 2, p. 277, 278 400 al-'Adeem op. cit., vol. 2, p. 278; Khaleel, Imdd ad-Deen Zanki, p. 163 401 Khaleel, 'Imdd ad-Deen Zanki, p. 165 402 Khaleel, 'Imdd ad-Deen Zanki, p. 166 403 Khaleel op. cit. 405 Taqqoosh, Tdreekh az-Zankiyeen fil-Mosul wa Bildd al-Shdm, p. 171 406 Boosayni, 'Abd al-Qadir Ahmad, Dawr Noor ad-Deen fee Nahdat al-Ummah, p. 94 407 Boosayni op. cit., p. 94 ibid. Taqqoosh, Tdreekh Saldjiqah ar-Room fee Asiya as-Sughrd, p. 146 ibid. 411 al-Qalanisi, Dhayl Tdreekh Dimashq, p. 197 412 Taqqoosh op. cit., p. 146 413 op. cit., p. 147 414 ibid. 415 Taqqoosh, Tdreekh Saldjiqah ar-Room fee Asiya as-Sughrd, p. 147 416 Boosayni op. cit., p. 95 417 op. cit., p. 95 op. cit., p. 96 op. cit., p. 96 420 ifaeeifa al-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, p. 523 421Habashi, Noor ad-Deen Mahmood, p. 212-213 Boosayni op. cit., p. 151 422Runciman, Tdreekh al-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, vol. 2, p.