Part 109

407-409 424 The crosses were to be sewn on to their clothes as a sign that they had 'taken up the cross' and had vowed to make the pilgrimage-cum-crusade. (Editor) 425 Naqli, Dawr al-Fuqahd' wal-'Ulamd' fil Jihad, p. 254 426 op. cit., p. 255 427 428 ibid. ibid. 429 al-Hanbali, Ibn al-'Imad, Shadhardt al-Dhahab, vol. 6, p. 219 430 431 Tdreekh al-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, vol. 2, p. 255 Ibn al-Atheer, At-Tdreekh al-Bdhir fid-Dawlah al-Atdbikiyah bil-Mawsil, p. 89; Boosayni op. cit., p. 96 432 Mu'nis, Husayn, Noor ad-Deen Mahmood, p. 96 433 Boosayni, Dawr Noor ad-Deen fee Nahdat al-Ummah, p. 97 434 Khaleefah, Mawqif Fuqahd' ash-Sham wa Quddtiha min al-Ghazw as-Saleebi, p. 125 435 al-Maqdisi op. cit., vol. 1, p. 190 436 Naqli op. cit., p. 117 437 cf. Quran 37: 44; 'Adan = Eden, or paradise (Translator) 438 Mu'nis, al-Huroob as-Saleebiyah al-'Aldqdt bayna ash-Sharq wal-Gharb, p.184 439 op. cit., p. 184 440 op. cit., p. 185 441 Mu'nis op. cit., p. 185 442 Boosayni, Dawr Noor ad-Deen Mahmood fee Nahdat al-Ummah, p. 97 443 op. cit., p. 98 444 Ghanaya, Maraji' 'Aqeelah, as-Suqooty p. 136 445 as-Sallabi, ad-Dawlah al-Fatimiyah al-'Ubaydiyah, p. 35 446 al-Baghdadi, 'Abd al-Qahir, al-Faraq bayna al-Firaq, p. 62 447 Shahrastani, Muhammad 'Abd al-Kareem, al-Milal wan-Nihal, vol. 1, p. 191 448 op. cit., vpl. 1, p. 192 449 al-Ghunaymi, 'Abd al-Fattah, Mawsoo'ah al-Maghrib al-'Arabi, vol. 2, p. 60 450 op. cit., vol. 2, p. 70 451 madh-hab: school of juristic thought 452 adh-Dhahabi, Siydr A'ldm an-Nubala\ vol. 15, p. 141 453 op. cit., vol. 15, p. 142 454 az-Zawi, at-Tahir Ahmad, Tdreekh al-Fath al-'Arabi fee Leebyd, p. 253 455 as-Sallabi, ad-Dawlah al-Fatimiyah al-'Ubaydiyah, p. 47 456 at-Tihami, Ibraheem, Juwould 'Ulamd' al-Maghrib fid-Difd' 'an (Aqeedat Ahl as-Sunnah, p. 291 457 458 Qadi 'Iyad, Tarteeb al-Maddrik, vol. 2, p. 318 460 461 ibid. at-Tihami op. cit., p. 291 ibid. Shahbah, Taqi ad-Deen, al-Kawakib ad-Durriyah fis-Seerah an-Nooriyah, p. 204-205 462 al-Marakashi, al-Baydn al-Mugharrib, vol. 1, p. 258, 259 463 al-Mustafa: the chosen one 464 al-Marakashi, al-Baydn al-Mugharrib, vol. 1, p. 221 465 Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad Kitdb at-tawhid, p. 90 466 at-Tihami op. cit., p. 312 467 Shawat, al-Husayn, Madrasat al-hadith bil-Qayrawdn, vol. 1, p. 76 468 al-Maliki, Riydd an-Nufoos fee Tabaqdt 'Ulamd' al-Qayrawdn wa Ifreeqiyah, vol. 2, p. 56 469 adhdn: the call to prayer 470 at-Tihami, Juwould 'Ulamd' al-Maghrib fid-Difd' 'an 'Aqeedat Ahl as-Sunnah, p. 309 471 al-Marakashi, al-Baydn al-Maghrib, vol. 1, p. 182-183 472 Qadi 'Iyad, Tarteeb al-Maddrik, vol. 2, p. 525-528 473 op. cit., vol. 2, p. 526 474 al-Maliki, Abu Bakr, Riydd an-Nufoos, vol. 2, p. 29 475 op. cit., vol. 2, p. 423 476 Shawat, Madrasat al-hadith bi'l-Qayrawdn, vol. 1, p. 76 477 zakah: 478 al-Maliki, Riydd an-Nufoos, vol. 2, p. 504 479 Shawat, Madrasat al-Qayrawdn, vol. 1, p. 73 480 Eid (eed): lit. festival; the two celebrations: one at the end of Ramadan and the other at the culmination of the Hajj 481 khutbah: sermon or speech; specifically, the sermon given during the Friday congregational prayer 482 adh-Dhahabi, SiydrA'ldm an-Nubald', vol. 15, p. 374 483 Almoravids were from a Berber dynasty that organised itself around military preparedness and discipline, especially for Jihad. Their Arabic name, al-murabit(oon), means 'ready for battle'. (Editor) al-Maliki, Riydd an-Nufoos, vol. 2, p. 29 al-'Abdah, Muhammad Ayu'eedat-TdreekhNafsahu?, p. 39 Mu'nis, Husayn, in his Introduction to al-Maliki's Riydd an-Nufoos, p. 17 al-Marakashi op. cit., vol. 1, p. 277 ad-Dabbagh, 'Abd ar-Rahman, Ma'dlim al-Eemdn, vol. 3, p. 237 op. cit., vol. 3, p. 71 at-Tihami op. cit., p. 324 ibid. ibid. Iyad, Tarteeb al-Maddrik, vol. 2, p. 517-524; Makhloof, Muhammad Shajarat an-Noor az-Zankiyah, vol. 1, p. 95-96 one of the officials of the 'Ubaydi state ad-Dabbagh, Ma'dlim al-Eeman, vol. 3, p. 113 i.e., he accepts only the orthodox version of Sunni Islam (Editor) ibid. fitnah: lit. trial, temptation; (attempting to sow) discord between Muslims ad-Dabbagh, Ma'dlim al-Eemdn, vol. 3, p. 91 at-Tihami op. cit., p. 328 Tabaqdt al-Khushani, p. 199; ad-Dabbagh, Ma'dlim al-Eemdn, vol. 2, p. 209 Al-Maliki, Riydd an-Nufoos, vol 2, p. 75 Ad-Dabbagh, Ma'dlim al-'Eemdn, vol. 2, p. 298; at-Tihami, Juwould 'Ulama' al-Maghreby p. 329 Sunan Al-Tirmidhi wa Tuhfat al-Ahwadhi, hadith no. 3797, an odd but reliable hadith Ibid. at-Tihami, Juwould 'Ulama' al-Maghrib fil-Difd' 'an 'Aqeedat Ahl as-Sunnah, p. 331 507 ad-Dabbagh, Ma'dlim al-Eemdn, vol. 2, p. 185; at-Tihami, Juwould 'Ulama' al-Maghrib, p. 337 508 al-Maliki, Riydd an-Nufoos, vol. 2, p. 169-172 509 qiblah (qiblah): the bearing from the Kaaba to any point on Earth; the direction that all Muslims must face in prayer 510 Kharijites were originally supporters of the fourth caliph, 'Ali ibn Abi Talib. However, his submission to an arbitration in 657 CE when confronted with the refusal of the governor of Syria, Mu'awiyah, to pledge him allegiance was considered proof of his forfeiture of the caliphate. They subsequently withdrew to Nahrawan, east of the Tigris, thus earning the name khdriji, 'one who goes out'. 4Ali himself was killed by a Kharijite in 661. (Editor) 511 as-Sallabi, ad-Dawlah al-Fatimiyah al-'Ubaydiyah, p. 78 5,2 ibid. 513 ad-Dabbagh, Ma'dlim al-Eemdn, vol. 3, p. 37-43 514 al-Marakashi op. cit., vol. 1, p. 218 5,5 ibid. 516 at-Tihami, Juwould 'Ulama' al-Maghrib fil-Difd' 'an 'Aqeedat Ahl as-Sunnah, p. 344 517 al-Marakashi op. cit., vol. 1, p. 268 518 Qadi 'Iyad, Tarteeb al-Maddrik, vol. 2, p. 625 519 at-Tihami op. cit., p. 349 520 521 ibid. ibid. 522 al-Maliki, Riydd an-Nufoos, vol.