Appendix B

Appendix B Dynasties Mentioned in Salah ad-Deen al-Ayubi Muslims Abbasid Caliphate — This dynasty traces its genealogy to al-Abbas, the son of Abd al-Muttalib. Al-Abbas was the brother of 'Abd-Allah, father of the Muhammad (SAAW). It ruled much of the Arabian Peninsula and had its territory expanded under Salah ad-Deen al-Ayubi's leadership. Salah ad-Deen pledged allegiance to the caliph al-Mustadi and upon his death, his son, the caliph Abul-'Abbas Ahmad ibn al-Mustadi, also known as an-Nasir li Deen-Illah. Shiite Fatimid Caliphate — This dynasty began with 'Ubayd-Allah al-Mahdi. He claims descent from 'Ali and Fatimah, the cousin and daughter respectively of the Muhammad (SAAW). The last ruler of this dynasty was al-'Adid, who was succeeded by Salah ad-Deen as the ruler of Egypt. The Great Seljuk Empire — This Empire of Seljuk Turks was divided into the Sultanate of Rum (Anatolia), the Sultanate of Syria, and the Sultanates of Kerman (Southern Persia) and Hamadan (Western Persia). Sulayman ibn Kutalmish established the Sultanate of Rum. He was a distant cousin of Malikshah, the son of Alp Arslan, the first of the sultans of the entire Seljuk state. Sulayman's son, Kilij Arslan I, became the Sultan of Rum upon his father's death. Kilij Arslan fought the French and Germans in the first crusade. His brother, Malikshah succeeded him. Malikshah was succeeded by Rukn ad-Deen Mas'ood, Kilij Arslan's son, who defeated the Germans in the second crusade. Tzz ad-Deen Kilij Arslan II became sultan after his father Mas'ood. Kilij Arslan II fought the Byzantine army led by Manuel Komnenos during the second crusade and achieved a decisive victory. He also had conflicts with Salah ad-Deen over territory. Zangid Dynasty — This dynasty branched from the Seljuk Turk dynasty. It reached its extent under Noor ad-Deen Zangi. His father was Imad ad-Deen Zangi, the regent of Aleppo and Mosul, and one of the great military leaders of the Seljuk Turks. Noor ad-Deen's brother was Saif ad-Deen Ghazi. Upon Noor ad-Deen's death, his son, al-Malik as-Salih took the reigns until his death when Salah ad-Deen united Muslim lands under his own leadership. Ayubid Dynasty — This dynasty began with Salah ad-Deen Yusuf ibn Ayub in 570 AH. It paid allegiance to the Abbasid caliphate. Salah ad-Deen was the son of Najm ad-Deen Ayub. Najm ad-Deen and his brother, Asad ad-Deen Shirkuh, both served under Noor ad-Deen Zangi. The Ayubid family was of Kurdish origin. Crusaders Kingdom of England — William the Conqueror's son, Henry I had a daughter named Matilda the Empress. She married Geoffrey I Plantagenet and their son, Henry II, was the father of the famed Richard the Lionhearted. Richard fought Salah adDeen al-Ayubi in the third crusade. The end result of their contest was a draw, with Richard leaving the Middle East. Kingdom of France — King Louis VI's son, Louis VII took part in the second crusade. His son, Philip Augustus, joined forces with Richard the Lionhearted during the third crusade against Salah ad-Deen. Roman Empire of the German Nation (known as the Holy Roman Empire) — Henry III, the King of Germany and the Emperor of the 'Holy' Roman Empire had Henry IV, who was the father of Agnes of Germany. She married Frederick I, Duke of Swabia, and their son Konrad III fought in the second crusade against the Seljuk Turks. His brother was Frederick II, whose son, Frederick Barbarossa, took part in the third crusade against Salah ad-Deen. He drowned in a river while campaigning and his army fled as a result. Byzantine Empire — The line of Byzantine emperors who ruled during, and took part in, the first three crusades is: Alexios I Komnenos, John II Komnenos (the son of Alexios I), Manuel I Komnenos (son of John II), Alexios II Komnenos (son of Manuel I), Andronikos Komnenos (Manuel's cousin and son of Prince Isaac Komnenos), Isaac I Angelos (great grandson of Alexios I). Kingdom of Jerusalem — King Fulk's son Baldwin III became king after his father and was succeeded by his brother, Amalric I. Amalric sided with the Fatimids against Noor ad-Deen Zangi. Amalric's son Baldwin IV, who was a leper, fought Salah ad-Deen in the second crusade. Upon Baldwin IVs death, his nephew Baldwin V became king. He was known as the child-king because he was only 6 years old. He died only a year later andupon his death, Baldwin IVs sister, Sibylla, who was Baldwin the Vs mother, insisted that her husband, Guy de Lusignan take over as king. Guy was captured by Salah ad-Deen at the Battle of Hattin. Appendix C Map of the Empire of Salah ad-Deen al-Ayubi (see next page) EMPIRE OF SALAH AD-DEEN AL-AYUBI Late 12th century CE (6th century AH) The Empire of Salah ad-Deen al-Ayubi