Notes

Notes 1. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 157 2. ibid. 3. op. cit., p. 165 4. Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen fee Misr wa Bilad ash-Sham, p.140 5. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyeen, p. 175 6. Al-Fath al-Qdsiy fil-Fath al-Qudsi, p. 67, 68; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad DeenwasSaleebiyoon, p. 175 7. Ibn al-Atheer, al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, quoted in Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 8. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 176 9. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, quoted in: al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen wasSaleebiyoon, p. 176 10. Reynald had acquired Kerak as a result of his marriage to Stephanie deMilly in 1176.

(Editor) 11. Ibn al-Atheer, al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, quoted in: al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-DeenwasSaleebiyoon, p. 176 12. Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen, p. 142 13. op. cit., p. 143 14. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 185; Taqqoosh, Tareekh alAyyoobiyeen, p. 142 15. Ibn al-Atheer, al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, vol. 2, p. 185; Taqqoosh, Tareekh alAyyoobiyeen, p. 142 16.

Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen, p. 142 17. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyeen, p. 176 18. Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen, p. 143 19. op. cit, p. 143 20. ibid. 21. Busra, one of the neighbouring towns of Damascus: it is the capital of theprovince of Hawran. 22. Al-Fath al-Qdsiy fil-Fath al-Qudsi, pp. 58-59 23. Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen, p. 143 24. op. cit., p. 144 25.

Al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 75; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-DeenwasSaleebiyeen, p. 178 26. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 187; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-DeenwasSaleebiyoon, p. 178, 27. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 187; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-DeenwasSaleebiyoon, p. 179 28. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 76; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-DeenwasSaleebiyoon, p. 179 29. al-Ghamidi, &z/a/i ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 179 30. Ashtara: a place in Hawran, one of the neighbouring towns of Damascus. 31. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 179 32. Al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 86; al-Ghamidi, ad-DeenwasSaleebiyoon, p. 180 33.

Ibn Khallikan, Wafeeydt al-A'ydn wa Anbd' az-Zamdn, vol. 7, p. 174; alGhamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 180 34. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 76 35. al-'Urayni, Ash-Sharq al-Adnd fil-Usoor al-Wustd al-Ayoobiyoon, p. 84 36. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 76 37. Tareekh Ibn Khaldoon, quoted in: al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 181 38. 'Ashoor, al-Harakah as-Saleebiyah, vol. 2, p. 799 39. Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen, p. 182 40. 'Ashoor, al-Harakah as-Saleebiyah, vol. 2, p. 804; al-Ghamidi, Salah adDeen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 182 41.

'Ashoor, al-Harakah as-Saleebiyah, vol. 2, p. 804; al-Ghamidi, Salah adDeen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 182 42. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 76; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-DeenwasSaleebiyoon, p. 182 43. al-'Urayni, op. cit., p. 87 44. ibid. 45. ibid.; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 182 46. Ibn al-Atheer, al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, vol. 11, p. 533; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 182 47. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 83 48. Ibn al-Atheer, al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, quoted in: al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-DeenwasSaleebiyyoon, p. 183 49. 'Ashoor, al-Harakah as-Saleebiyah, vol. 2, p. 806 50. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 184 51. Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen, p. 77, quoting from al-'Imad al-Isfahani 52.

Ibn al-Atheer, Al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, vol. 11, p. 534; Salah ad-Deen wasSaleebiyoon, p. 185 53. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 76 54. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 81; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-DeenwasSaleebiyoon, p. 185 55. Ibn al-Atheer, al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, vol. 11, p. 535 56. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 186 57. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, P186 58. Ibn al-Atheer, al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, vol. 11, p. 535 59.

Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 19; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-DeenwasSaleebiyoon, p. 186 60. Ibn al-Atheer, al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, vol. 11, pp. 535-536; al-Ghamidi, Salahad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 187 61. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 78 62. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob vol. 2, p. 191; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-DeenwasSaleebiyoon, p. 187 63. Ibn al-Atheer, al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, vol. 11, p. 536; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 188 64. al-'Urayni op. cit., p. 98; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen wasSaleebiyoon, p.188 65. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 77; Ibn Wasil, MufarrijalKuroob, vol. 2, p. 192 66.

Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 194 67. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 195 68. The author reported in Vol. 2 that during Reynald's raids on Muslim pilgrim caravans he would taunt his victims with the question, "Where is your Muhammad now?" (Editor) 69. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, pp. 78-79 70. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 79; Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij alKuroob, vol. 2, p. 195 71.

Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 196; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-DeenwasSaleebiyoon, p. 190 72. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 79 73. Sa'dawi, Hassan, at-Tareekh al-Harbi al-Misri, p. 186 74. Mu'nis, al-Huroob as-Saleebiyah: al-'Aldqah bayna ash-Sharq wal-Gharb,p. 219 75. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 82; al-Ghamidi, ad-Deen wasSaleebiyeen, p. 790 76. Ibn al-Jawzi, Mir'at az-Zamdn, quoted in: al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen wasSaleebiyeen, p. 190 77. Ibn al-Atheer, al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, vol. 3, pp. 23-55; al-Ghamidi, Salah adDeen was-Saleebiyeen, p. 191 78.

'Ulwan, Salah ad-Deen al-Ayyoobi, p. 121 79. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah wal-Mahasin al-Yoosufiyah, p. 75 80. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn fee Akhbdr ad-Dawlatayn, vol. 2, p. 380 81. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyeen, p. 191 82. al-Aldqdt ad-Duwaliyah fee Asr al-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, vol. 2, p. 375 83. an-Ni'mah, Ibraheem, al-Wahdah al-Isldmiyah bayna al-Ams wal-Yawm, p. 9 84. al-Bukhari, sahih al-Bukhari, "The Book of Manners" 85. an-Ni'mah, al-Wahdah al-Islamiyah bayna al-Ams wal-Yawm, p. 23 86. an-Ni'mah, al-Wahdah al-Islamiyah bayna al-Ams wal-Yawm, p. 24 87. Mu'nis, al-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, al-Aldqdt bayna ash-Sharq wal-Gharb, p.215 88. op. cit., p. 217 89. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 218 90. Salah ad-Deen: al-Fdris al-Mujdhid wal-Malik az-Zdhid, p. 253 91. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 52 92.

Salah ad-Deen: al-Fdris al-Mujdhid wal-Malik az-Zdhid, p. 255 93. Salah ad-Deen: al-Fdris al-Mujdhid wal-Malik az-Zdhid, p. 256 94. op. cit., p. 257 95. ibid. 96. Salah ad-Deen: al-Fdris al-Mujdhid wal-Malik al-Adil, p. 263; al-Maqdisi, Kitab arRawdatayn, vol. 3, p. 297 97. 'Ulwan, Salah ad-Deen al-Ayyoobi, p. 113 98. Abu Fans, Duroos wa Ta'ammuldt fil-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, p. 178 99.

Abu Fans, Duroos wa Ta'ammuldt fil-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, p. 180 100. Ibn Katheer, Isma'eel, Tafseer Ibn Katheer, vol. 3, p. 170 101. Narrated by al-Hakim in al-Mustadrak in the chapter on faith, vol. 1, p. 62 102. Ibn Katheer, Tafseer Ibn Katheer, vol. 2, p. 526 103. hadith qudsi:'sacred hadith': a hadith communicated to Prophet Muhammad(SAW)by Allah, but that is not part of the Quran 104. al-Mundhiri, Mukhtasar sahih Muslim, no. 1828 105. Abu Fans, Duroos wa Ta'ammuldt fil-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, p. 205 106.

Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah wal-Mahasin al-Yoosufiyahp. 13-14 107. Abu Fans, Duroos wa Ta'ammuldt fil-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, p. 211 108. Tabseer al-Mu'mineen bi Fiqh an-Nasr wat-Tamkeen, p. 473 109. Abu Dawood, Kitab al-Jihad, "Bab Dawam al-Jihad", vol. 3, p. 11, no. 2484 110. Muslim, Kitab al-lmdrah, Bab Qawlihi La tazdl, vol. 31, p. 1524, no. 176 111.

Narrated by Sa'eed ibn Mansoor, Kitab al-Jihad, no. 2376; it has other chains of narration which strengthen it. 112. al-'Awdah, Salman, Sifdt al-Ghurabd', p. 205 113. Ibn Katheer, al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah, quoted in al-'Affani, Sayyid Husayn, Wd Qudsdh, vol. 1, p. 373 114. al-Hanbali, Shadhardt adh-Dhahab, vol. 4, p. 327 115. Ibn Katheer, al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah, quoted in: Abu Faris, Duroos wa Ta'ammuldt fil-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, p. 198 116. Abu Faris, Duroos wa Ta'ammulat fil-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, p. 143 op. cit., p. 117. Op. cit., p. 185 118.

Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 12 119. al-Balawi, Dawr al-Mar'ah fil-Istikhbdrdt al-Isldmiyah, p. 67 120. 'Ashoor, 'Abd al-Fattah, Hattin Waqa'i' wa 'ibar, p. 45 121. Sun Tzu, b. c500 BCE: Chinese Taoist philosopherandmilitary strategist, commonly believed to be the author of The Art of War (Editor) 122. al-Manasrah, 'Abd-Allah 'Ali as-Salamah, al-Istikhbarat al-Askariyah filIslam, p. 311 123. Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen, p. 153 124. Le Bon, Gustave La Civilisation des Arabes,tr.

'Adil Zu'aytar, p. 328;The 'quote' is a retranslation of the Arabic translation of a passage fromLe Bon's work. (Editor), 125. an-Nadawi, Abul-Hasan, Muhadarat fil-Fikr wad-dawah, vol. 2, pp. 227-228 126. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 3, pp. 300, 301 127. ibid., vol. 3, p. 307 128. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 88 129. Siyasat Salah ad-Deen fee Bilad Misrwash-Sham, p. 305 130. al-Muhtadi, 'Aliyah, Salah ad-Deen wa Tahreer al-Quds, p. 124 131. ibid. 132. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 79; Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p.196 133. Acre: a large city with many villages around it anda port. 134.

IbnShaddad,an-Nawadiras-Sultaniyah, p. 79 135. Siyasat Salah ad-Deen, p. 297 136. al-Muhtadi, Salah ad-Deen wa Tahreer al-Quds, p. 125 137. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 202 138. op. cit, vol. 2, pp. 202, 203 139. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 80; al-Muhtadi, Salah ad-Deenwa Tahreer al-Quds, p. 126 140. al-Muhtadi, Salah ad-Deen wa Tahreer al-Quds, p. 126 141. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 80, 81; al-Muhtadi, Salah adDeen wa Tahreer al-Quds, p. 126 142.

Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, pp. 208, 209 143. al-Muhtadi, Salah ad-Deen wa Tahreer al-Quds 144. Mu'nis, al-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, al-Aldqdt bayna ash-Sharq wal-Gharb, p. 219 145. see: Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 89-96 146. Mu'nis, al-Huroob as-Saleebiyyah, al-'Aldqdt bayna ash-Sharq wal-Gharb, p. 220 147. Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen fee Misr, p. 53 148. op. cit., p. 153 149. op. cit., p. 154 150. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 188 151.

Ayna 'Umar ibn Abd al-Azeez? 152. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 193 153. ibid. 154. Arabic rendering of the original in Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen fee Misr wa Bilad ash-Sham, p. 155 155. op. cit., p. 115 156. ibid. 157. Nuwayhid, Waleed, Salah ad-Deen al-Ayyoobi wa Suqoot al-Quds wa Tahreeruha, p. 78, 79 158. Suwayd, Yaseen, Huroob al-Quds fit-Tareekh al-lsldmi wal-Arabi, p. 94 159. op. cit., p 94 160. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 92 161.

Runciman, A History of the Crusades, vol. 2, p. 749 162. Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 93 163. Suwayd, Huroob al-Quds fit-Tareekh al-lsldmi wal-Arabi, p. 94 164. op. cit., p. 96 165. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 81; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 208 166. Ibn Katheer, al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah, quoted in al-Ghamidi, Salah adDeen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 209 167.

Ibn Khallikan, vol. 7, p. 184; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 210 168. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 210 169. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, 2/92 170. Suwayd, Huroob al-Quds fit-Tareekh al-Isldmi wal-Arabi, p. 100 171. op. cit., p. 100 172. op. cit., p. 100 173. op. cit., p. 101 174. Suwayd, Huroob al-Quds fit-Tareekh al-Isldmi wal-Arabi, p. 101 175. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 213; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 213 176. al-Kamil fil-Athar, quoted in: al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 213; the quote is from the Quran (42: 40) 177. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 214; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyyoon, p. 214 178. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 214 179.

Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 81-82 180. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 214 181. Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 95; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen wasSaleebiyoon, p. 214 182. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 82; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 215 183. ibid. 184. Suwayd, Huroob al-Quds fit-Tareekh al-Isldmi, p. 106 185. ibid. 186. Suwayd, Huroob al-Quds fit-Tareekh al-Isldmi wal-Arabi, p. 108 187. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 95 188. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 216 189.

Jaysh Misr, p. 69 190. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 216 191. op. cit., p. 217 192. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 215 193. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 218 194. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 3, p. 343; Taslahooq, Wadee', Bayt al-Maqdis amam Ahadith at-Tareekh, p. 343 195. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 3, p. 343 196. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 3, p. 344 197. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 218 198. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 231; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 218 199. Al-Fath al-Qdsiy fil-Fath al-Qudsi, p. 136; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen, p. 219 200. A'mal al-Franj, translated by Hasan Habashi, pp. 118-120 201. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 219 202.

Reston, James Jr., Muqdtiloona fi Sabeel-lllah, p. 137; The 'quote' is a retranslation of the Arabic translation of a passage from his work, Warriors of God: Richard the LionheartandSaladin in the Third Crusade (Editor) 203. Suwayd, Huroob al-Quds fit-Tareekh al-Isldmi wal-Arabi, p. 108; The 'quote* is a retranslation of the Arabic translation of a passage from Runciman's work, A History of the Crusades. (Editor) 204. Suwayd, Huroob al-Quds fit-Tareekh, p. 108; The 'quote' is a retranslation of the Arabic translation of a passage from Rene Grousset's work, Histoire des Croisades et du Royaume Franc de Jerusalem, Paris: Plon, 1934-36 (Editor) 205. 'Adoor, Muneer, al-Wajeez fish-Sham Ard al-Anbiyd' wa Maha al-Asfiyd', p. 61 206. ibid. 207. as-Siddeeq: 'the one who affirms the truth' — Abu Bakr was so called because he was the first (male) believer in the Prophet (SAW) (bpuh)and his Message.

(Editor) 208. Dhun-Noorayn: 'the one with two lights' — 'Uthman was so called because he had been husand to two of the Prophet (SAW)daughters in his lifetime. (Editor) 209. Ibn Katheer, al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah, vol. 16, p. 590 210. Salah ad-Dunyd wad-Deen: 'restorer of the worldand the religion' 211. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 3, p. 391 212.

Ibn Katheer, al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah, vol. 16, p. 592 213. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 3, p. 394 214. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 3, p. 393 215. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 223 216. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, quoted in: al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 222 217. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, pp. 227-229; al-Ghamidi, Salah adDeen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 222 218. Ibn al-Jawzi, Mir'at az-Zamdn; quoted in: al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen wasSaleebiyoon, p. 222 219. ibid. 220. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 222 221. op. cit., p. 223 222. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, quoted in al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen wasSaleebiyoon, p. 224 223. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 230; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 224 224. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 224 225. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 230; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 224 226. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 225 227. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 220 228. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 120; Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij alKuroob, vol. 2, p. 248 229. al-Maqreezi, as-Sulook, vol. 1, p. 97; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen wasSaleebiyoon, p. 221 230. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 96; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 221 231.

Hamadah, Muhammad Mahir, Dirdsah Watheeqah lit-Tareekh al-Isldmi, p. 232. Ibn Katheer, al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah, vol. 16, p. 596 233. Ibn al-Atheer, al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, quoted in: Naqli, Asiya, Dawr alFuqahd' wal-'Ulamd' fil-Jihad didd as-Saleebiyeen khildl al-Harakah asSaleebiyah, p. 144 234. Naqli, op. cit., p. 144 235. op. cit., p. 144 236. op. cit., p. 145. Quoted from: Ibn Katheer, al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah 237. op. cit., p. 146 238.

Ibn Katheer, al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah, quoted in Naqli, p. 146 239. Naqli, p. 147 240. op. cit., p. 147 241. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 96 242. Naqli, p. 147 243. Naqli, p. 149 244. op. cit., p. 150 245. op. cit., p. 153 246. Naqli, p. 153 247. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 119; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 229 248. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 229 249. ibid. 250.

Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 98 251. Ibn al-Jawzi, Mir'dt az-Zamdn, quoted in: al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen wasSaleebiyoon, p. 230 252. Ibn al-Atheer, al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, quoted in: Taqqoosh, Tareekh alAyyoobiyeen, p. 170 253. ibid 254. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 138 255. 'Ashoor, al-Harakah as-Saleebiyah, vol. 2, p. 841 256.

Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultdnyyah, p. 138 257. Ibn al-Atheer, al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, quoted in al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 335 258. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 235 259. op. cit., p. 236 260. QaTaji, Salah ad-Deen al-Ayyoobi, p. 280 261. op. cit., p. 282 262. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 271; Taqqoosh, Tareekh alAyyoobiyeen, p. 172 263. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 129 264. an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, quoted in: Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen, p. 265.

Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen, p. 173 266. in what is now southern Turkey (Editor) 267. Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen, p. 173 268. op. cit., p. 173 269. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyyah, p. 152-154; Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyyeen, p. 174 270. Ibn Katheer, al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah, vol. 16, p. 604 271. Shalaby, Mahmood, Haydt Salah ad-Deen, p.

I l l 272. al-Husayni, Suhaylah, al-Huroob as-Saleebiyyah Mawdqif wa Tahaddiydt, p. 99 273. op. cit., p. 99 274. adh-Dhahabi, Siydr Alldm an-Nubald\ vol. 21, p. 165 275. ibid. 276. Usdmah ibn Munqidh wal-Jadeed min Athdrihi wa Ash'drihi, p. 135 277. al-'Affani, Wa Qudsdh, vol. 3, pp. 521-523 278. op. cit., vol. 3, p. 526 279. op. cit., vol. 3, p. 494 280. Issue number 35818, 29/04/1998; Thisand the subsequent quotes are retranslations from the Arabic translations of the original text (Editor) 281. op. cit., vol. 3, p. 491 282. op. cit., vol. 3, p. 492 283. op. cit., vol. 3, p. 492 284. op. cit., vol. 3, p. 492 285. op. cit., vol. 3, p. 493 286. op. cit., vol. 3, p. 493 287. op. cit., vol. 3, p. 493 288. op. cit., vol 3, p. 490 289. op. cit., vol. 3, p. 495 290. al-'Affani, Wa Qudsah, vol. 3, p. 496 291. ibid. 292. ibid. 293. al-'Affani, Wa Qudsah, vol. 3, p. 510 294. Kayfa Nufakkir Istratijiyan, quoted in: al-'Affani, Wa Qudsah, vol. 3, p. 295. al-'Affani, Wa Qudsah, vol. 3, p. 485 296. Jihad means struggle or striving (in Allah's cause). 297.

Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyyeen fee Misr wa Bilad ash-Sham walJazeerah, p. 176 298. ibid. 299. Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen fee Misr wa Bilad ash-Sham, p. 176 300. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, pp. 161-162; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 238 301. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 308; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 238 302. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 149; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 238 303. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn,vo\. 2, p. 149; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 238 304. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 558; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 239 305. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 240 306. Ibn Shaddad, al-Nawadir al-Sultaniyah, p. 126; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 240 307.

Ibn al-Atheer, al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, quoted in: al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 241 308. An ancient Persian unit of distance equal to a league, or about threeand a half miles. 309. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 318; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 241 310. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 242 311. ibid. 312. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 123 313. Ibn al-Atheer, al-Kamil fee at-Tareekh, quoted in al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 242 314.

'Ashoor, Sa'eed, al-Harakah as-Saleebiyah, vol. 2, p. 847 315. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 319; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 243 316. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 319; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 243 317. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 243 318. ibid. 319. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 319; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 244 320. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 155; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 244 321. Ibn al-Atheer, al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, quoted in: al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 244 322. ibid. 323.

Sa'dawi, Nazeer Hassan, at-Tareekh al-Harbi al-Masri, p. 239 324. Tareekh Ibn Khaldoon, vol. 5, p. 322; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen wasSaleebiyoon, p. 244 325. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 124; al-Ghamidi, Salah adDeen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 244 326. Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 156; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen wasSaleebiyoon, p. 245 327. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 322; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 245 328.

Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 323; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 245 329. Tareekh Ibn al-Furat, quoted in: al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen wasSaleebiyoon, p. 246 330. Op. cit. 331. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 115; al-Ghamidi, Salah adDeen wa's-Saleebiyoon, p. 247 332. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, p. 115; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen wasSaleebiyoon, p. 247 333. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 247 334. op. cit., p. 247 335. op. cit., p. 248 336.

Salah ad-Deen: al-Fdris al-Mujdhid wal-Malik az-Zdhid, p. 285 337. Salah ad-Deen: al-Fdris al-Mujdhid wal-Malik az-Zdhid, p. 286 338. Salah ad-Deen: al-Fdris al-Mujdhid wal-Malik az-Zdhid, p. 286 339. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 296 340. Naqli op. cit., p. 163 341.

Ibn Katheer, al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah, quoted in: Naqli op. cit., p. 163 342. Naqli op. cit., p. 164; 343. Ibid. 344. op. cit., p. 164;Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, 345. Naqli op. cit., p. 164 346. Naqli op. cit., p. 167 347. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, pp. 130, 151 348.

Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 98-99; Naqli op. cit., p. 168 Naql ibid. 349. Naqli, p. 168 350. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 304; Naqli op. cit., p. 165 351. A fortress on the coast of the Mediterranean, overlooking Acre. alHamawi, Mujam al-Bulddn, vol. 2, p. 262 352. Naqli op. cit., p. 165 353. op. cit., p. 166 354. ibid. 355. ibid. 356.

Salah ad-Deen: al-Fdris al-Mujdhid wal-Malik az-Zdhid, p. 287 357. Hasan, Hasan, Tareekh al-Isldm, vol. 4, p. 216 358. Ibn Khaldoon, Tareekh Ibn Khaldoon, vol. 6, p. 490 359. The Maghreb is the western part of the Arab word (North Africa from Libya westwards), and the Mashriq is the eastern part thereof. [Translator] 360. Hasan, Tareekh al-lsldm, vol. 4, p. 216; as-Sallabi, Safahdt Mushriqah filTareekh al-lsldmi, vol. 2, p. 518 361. op. cit., vol. 2, p. 519 362. ibid. 363.

Moosa, 'Izz ad-Deen, Dirdsdt fee Tareekh al-Maghrib, p. 115 364. ibid. 365. al-Ghanaya, Maraji', Suqoot Dawlah al-Muwahhideen, p. 198 366. ibid. 367. as-Sallabi, Safahdt Mushriqah min al-Tareekh al-lsldmi, vol. 2, p. 520 368. as-Sallabi, Safahdt Mushriqah min al-Tareekh al-lsldmi, vol. 2, p. 251 369. ibid. 370. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 165; Naqli op. cit., p. 169 371. Naqli op. cit., p. 169 372. op. cit., p. 169 373. op. cit., p. 169 374. op. cit., p. 170 375. ibid. 376. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 4, p. 179 377. op. cit., vol. 4, p. 181 378. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 4, p. 182 379. ibid. 380. op. cit., vol. 4, p. 186 381. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 4, p. 187 382. ibid. 383. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 4, p. 190 384. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 4, p. 154 385. ibid 386. 'There is none worthy of worship other than Allah.' 387. 'Allah is Great!' 388. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 4, pp. 154-155 389. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 4, p. 160 390. op. cit., vol. 6, p. 140 391. mangonel: a type of catapult 392. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 134 393.

Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 138, 139; al-Ghamidi, Salah adDeen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 260 394. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 260 395. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 261; Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 140 396. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 143; al-Ghamidi, Salah adDeen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 261 397. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 161; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 261 398. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 162; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 262 399. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 262 400. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 231 401. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 4, p. 232 402. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 233 403. ibid. 404. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 4, p. 236 405. ibid. 406. ibid. 407. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 4, p. 238 408. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 262 409.

Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 237; Taqqoosh, Tareekh alAyyoobiyeen, p. 183 410. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 230; Taqqoosh, Tareekh alAyyoobiyeen, p. 183 411. Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen, p. 183 412. Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen fee Misr wa Bilad ash-Sham, p. 184 413. ibid. 414. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 241; Taqqoosh, Tareekh alAyyoobiyeen, p. 184 415.

Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen, p. 184 416. op. cit, p. 185 417. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 185; Taqqoosh, Tareekh alAyyoobiyeen, p. 185 418. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 252; Taqqoosh, Tareekh alAyyoobiyeen, p. 185 419. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 168; al-Ghamidi, Salah adDeen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 265 420. Ibn al-Atheer, al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, quoted in al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 266 421.

Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 358; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 266 422. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 196; al-Ghamidi, Salah adDeen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 266 423. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 170, 171; al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 267 424. Ibn al-Atheer, al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, quoted in: al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 267 425. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 267 426. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 267 427. op. cit., p. 268 428. ibid. 429. ibid. 430. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 4, p. 245 431. op. cit., vol. 4, p. 253 432. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 184; Husayn, al-Jaysh alAyyoobi, p. 465 433. Qal'aji, Qadri, Salah ad-Deen al-Ayyoobi, p. 204 434.

Husayn, al-Jaysh al-Ayyoobi fee Ahd Salah ad-Deen, p. 465 435. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 185; Husayn, al-Jaysh al-Ayyoobi, p. 436. Husayn, al-Jaysh al-Ayyoobi fee Ahd Salah ad-Deen, p. 466 437. Ibid. 438. ibid. 439. Qal'aji, Salah ad-Deen al-Ayyoobi, p. 300 440. ibid. 441. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 177; Husayn, al-Jaysh al-Ayyoobi, p. 442. Husayn, al-Jaysh al-Ayyoobi, p. 467 443. ibid.; Al-Fath al-Qdsiy fil-Fathal-Qudsi, p. 553 444.

Husayn, al-Jaysh al-Ayyoobi, p. 468 445. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 189 446. Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyoon, p. 189 447. ibid. 448. Ibn al-Atheer, al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, quoted in: Taqqoosh, Tareekh alAyyoobiyeen, p. 190 449. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 273-272; Taqqoosh, Tareekh alAyyoobiyeen, p. 190 450.

Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen, p. 190 451. al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 270; Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 184 452. Husayn, al-Jaysh al-Ayyoobi, p. 476, quoted from al-Kamil fit-Tareekh 453. op. cit., p. 477 454. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, quoted in: Husayn, al-Jaysh al-Ayyoobi, p. 477 455. Husayn, al-Jaysh al-Ayyoobi, p. 478 456. ibid. 457. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 188 458. al-Hamawi, Mu'jam al-Bulddn, vol. 4, p. 122; Athdr al-Bilad, p. 222 459. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 189; al-Maqdisi, Kitab arRawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 192 460.

Husayn, al-Jaysh al-Ayyoobi, p. 479 461. op. cit., p. 480 462. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir, p. 192; Husayn, al-Jaysh al-Ayyoobi, p. 480 463. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir, p. 196-197; Husayn, al-Jaysh al-Ayyoobi, p. 480 464. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 375; al-Maqdisi, Kitab arRawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 194 465. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 375; Husayn, al-Jaysh alAyyoobi, p. 481 466.

Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 198 467. Husayn, al-Jaysh al-Ayyoobi, p. 480; al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 195 468. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 205; Husayn, al-Jaysh alAyyoobi, p. 482 469. Ibn al-Atheer, al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, quoted in: Husayn, al-Jaysh al-Ayyoobi, p. 482 470. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir, p. 210 471.

Husayn, al-Jaysh al-Ayyoobi, p. 482 472. Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen, p. 193 473. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 292; Taqqoosh, Tareekh alAyyoobiyeen, p. 194 474. 'Ashoor, al-Harakah as-Saleebiyah, vol. 2, p. 882 475. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 293; Taqqoosh, Tareekh alAyyoobiyeen, p. 194 476.

Husayn, al-Jaysh al-Ayyoobi, p. 482 477. Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen, p. 194 478. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 300, 301; Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen, p. 194 479. Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen, p. 195 480. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 285, 286, 297 481.

Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen, p. 195 482. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 31; Taqqoosh, Tareekh alAyyoobiyeen, p. 195 483. Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen, p. 195 484. op. cit., p. 196 485. Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen, p. 196 486. ibid. 487. Ibn Wasil, Mufarrij al-Kuroob, vol. 2, p. 386; Husayn, al-Jaysh alAyyoobi, p. 485 488.

Ibn al-Jawzi, Mir'at az-Zamdn, vol. 8, p. 416; Husayn, al-Jaysh alAyyoobi, p. 485 489. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 217; Husayn, al-Jaysh alAyyoobi, p. 485 490. Husayn, al-Jaysh al-Ayyoobi, p. 486 491. Ibn al-Atheer, al-Kamil fit-Tareekh, quoted in: Husayn, al-Jaysh al-Ayyoobi, p. 486 492. Nuqoo': one of the villages of Jerusalem 493.

Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir, p. 217, 218; Husayn, al-Jaysh al-Ayyoobi, p. 486 494. al-Hanbali, Shifd' al-Quloob, p. 175; Husayn, al-Jaysh al-Ayyoobi, p. 487 495. Husayn, al-Jaysh al-Ayyoobi, p. 487 496. Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen fee Misr wa Bilad ash-Sham walJazeerah, p. 199 497. Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen, p. 199 498. op. cit., p. 199 499. op. cit., p. 200 500. ibid. 501. ibid. 502. Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen, p. 201 503.

Ibid. 504. Mustafa, Shakir, Salah ad-Deen: al-Muftara 'alayhi, p. 325 505. 'Imran, Mahmoud, Ma’alimTareekh al-Imbiratooriyah al-Beezantiyah, p. 506. ibid. 507. Tareekh al-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, p. 177 508. Tareekh al-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, p. 177 509.

Tareekh al-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, p. 178; al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 4, p. 286 510. Tareekh al-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, p. 179 511. Tareekh al-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, p. 181 512. op. cit., p. 182 513. ibid. 514. Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen, p. 202; 'Abdur-Rahman, 'AbdurRahman, Ad-Deebloomdsiyah al-Isldmiyah, p. 394 515. Al-Ghamidi, Salah ad-Deen was-Saleebiyoon, p. 280 516.

Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen, p. 204 517. Taqqoosh, Tareekh al-Ayyoobiyeen, p. 205 518. ibid. 519. ibid.; al-'Umari, 'Abd al-'Azeez, Al-Futooh al-Isldmiyah 'abr at-Tareekh, p. 520. Le Bon, Gustave La Civilisation des Arabes, tr. 'Adil Zu'aytar, pp. 336337; The 'quote' is a retranslation of the Arabic translation of a passage from Le Bon's work. (Editor) 521. al-Wakeel, Muhammad, Asbdb al-Daf fil-Ummah al-Isldmiyah, p. 219 522.

Le Bon, op. cit., pp. 223-224; The 'quote' is a retranslation of the Arabic translation of a passage from Le Bon's work. (Editor) 523. al-Wakeel, p. 219 524. op. cit., p. 220 525. op. cit., p. 222 526. ibid 527. Ibn Katheer, al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah, quoted in: al-Wakeel, p. 222 528. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 2, p. 149; an-Nasir, Al-Jihad watTajdeed, p. 281 529. an-Nasir, Al-Jihad wat-Tajdeed, p. 281 530. ibid. 531. Mu'dhaddt as-Sulh was-Saldm bayna al-Muslimeen wal-Firanj, p. 43 532. op. c it., p. 57 533. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p.233 534.

Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 235; Mu'dhaddt as-Sulh was-Saldm bayna al-Muslimeen wal-Firanj, p. 58 535. Qal'aji, Qadri, Salah ad-Deen al-Ayyoobi, p. 329 536. ibid. 537. Zakkar, al-Mawsoo'ah ash-Shamilah fee Tareekh al-Huroob as-Saleebiyah, vol. 24, p.205 538. op. cit., vol. 4, p. 332 539. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 4, p. 334 540. Ibn Katheer, al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah, vol. 16, p. 646 541. Two fortresses called UpperandLower Habeeb, in Palestine 542.

'Ayn al-Jarr: a place known as the Bekaa Valley between Baalbek and Damascus 543. Marj Yaboos: Yaboos is a mountain in Syria in Wadi al-Taym near Damascus 544. al-Arradah: a village at the top of the hill like a citadel, between Ra's 'AynandNSaybin 545. Ibn Katheer, al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah, vol. 16, p. 647 546. op. cit., vol. 16, p. 648 547. op. cit., vol. 16, p. 650 548. al-Maqdisi, Kitab ar-Rawdatayn, vol. 4, p. 357 549. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 419 550. Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 419 551. op. cit., p. 420 552. op. cit., p. 421 553. shahadah: testimony, viz. the statement la ilaha illa Allah 554.

Ibn Shaddad, an-Nawadir as-Sultaniyah, p. 422 555. ibid. 556. Ibn Shaddad, op.cit. 557. ibid. 558. Ibn Shaddad, op.cit. 559. Ibn Katheer, al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah, vol. 16, p. 653 560. ibid.