3. Fuqaha’ of the Madhab:

In the city of al-Kufa a. ‘Alqamah ibn Qays an-Nakhai’ee  He was the student of ‘Abdullah ibn Mas’ood who was the student of ‘Umar. b. Ibrahim ibn Zaid an-Nakhai’ee  He was the cousin of Alqamah.  From ‘Alqamah and Ibrahim came Hammad ibn Sulaiman who was the teacher of Abu Haneefa. In the city of al-Basra c. Al-Hasan al-Basri  He was raised in the household of Umm Salamah, the wife of RasulAllah sal Allahu alayhi wa Sallam.  He became one of the main authorities on Islamic law and is considered one of the 13 imaams of Fiqh.  He died in 110 Hijri. d. Rabi’ah ibn Abi ‘Abdur Rahman  He was the teacher of Imam Malik.  He was called Rabi’ah ar-Ra’i because of his extensive use of reasoning.
The reasons for Differences: What went wrong? o Geographical separation created isolation and the development of different cultures. o Political environment for each region; in Iraq there was mostly turmoil while Madinah was peaceful. The ‘ulema’ in Iraq were forced to depend on reason. As for Hijaz, it was stable and safe. o Cultural influences: In Hijaz, there were no adjacent cultures to influence Madinah. The Sahabah and the Bedouins used to just listen to and obey The Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him). In Iraq, there was a huge influence from the east; namely Persians, who brought with them their philosophy and their culture of questioning and using reason. The non-Arab converts had a lot of questions and the ‘ulema’ and fuqaha’ in Iraq couldn’t wait for ahadeeth to come from Madinah so they started to use their own reasoning. The Sahabah also used qiyas and ijtihad but Ahl al-Iraq gave these sources a higher status than the Sahabah did.
Sources of Legislation in this Period