1. Makkan Period (13BH-0H/609CE-622CE)

Legislative characteristics of this time period include: • Laws of tawhid  Matters of faith and belief  Matters of the Hereafter (these verses were revealed before verses regarding specific laws in order to attach people’s hearts to their Lord) Yusuf bin Mahk narrated: “While I was with Aisha, the mother of the Believers, a person from Iraq came and asked, "What type of shroud is the best?" 'Aisha said, "May Allah be merciful to you! Qabeelat Tayybah TCE Notes Revolution 11

What does it matter?" He said, "O mother of the Believers! Show me (the copy of) your Quran," She said, "Why?" He said, "In order to compile and arrange the Quran according to it, for people recite it with its Surahs not in proper order." 'Aisha said, "What does it matter which part of it you read first? (Be informed) that the first thing that was revealed thereof was a Surah from Al-Mufassal, and in it was mentioned Paradise and the Fire. When the people embraced Islam, the Verses regarding legal and illegal things were revealed. If the first thing to be revealed was: 'Do not drink alcoholic drinks.' people would have said, 'We will never leave alcoholic drinks,' and if there had been revealed, 'Do not commit illegal sexual intercourse, 'they would have said, 'We will never give up illegal sexual intercourse.' While I was a young girl of playing age, the following Verse was revealed in Mecca to Muhammad: 'Nay! But the Hour is their appointed time (for their full recompense), and the Hour will be more grievous and more bitter.' (54.46) surah Al-Baqara (The Cow) and Surat An-Nisa (The Women) were revealed while I was with him." Then 'Aisha took out the copy of the Quran for the man and dictated to him the Verses of the Surahs (in their proper order)” (alBukhari). • Laws of Morality  Prohibition of murder  Prohibition of adultery  Prohibition of burying one’s daughters • Basic Rules of Halal and Haram  Many verses related to food B 8
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  Allah says [in surah alAn’am]: “So eat of that (meat) on which Allâh's Name has been pronounced (while slaughtering the animal), if you are believers in His Ayât (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.)” (alQur’an 6:118)  These prohibitions against eating meat slaughtered for other than Allah prevented shirk. • Rules of Worship  The first salah that Muslims were obligated to pray was Qiyam al Layl. It was originally obligatory upon the Muslims to pray it every night. %FG /  6H)  ) ) ( "8 K 0K "A %
 Allah says [in Surah alMuzzammil]: “O you wrapped in garments (i.e. Prophet Muhammad SAW). Stand (to pray) all night, except a little” (alQur’an 73:1,2)  After one year, Allah made Qiyam al Layl optional but most of the Sahabah maintained the nightly prayers. (*Lesson from Shaykh Yaser: If someone continually gets up to pray in the darkness of the night, longing for the warmth of his bed, he will build self-confidence and self-esteem because he is conquering his desires for the sake of Allah*) L ; M7 8
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 [ g  Q4  g8a Allah says [in Surah alMuzzammil]: “Verily, your Lord knows that you do stand (to pray at night) a little less than two-thirds of the night, or half the night, or a third of the night, and so do a party of those with you, And Allâh measures the night and the day. He knows that you are unable to pray the whole night, so He has turned to you (in mercy). So, recite you of the Qur'ân as much as may be easy for you. He knows that there will be some among you sick, others travelling through the land, seeking of Allâh's Bounty; yet others fighting in Allâh's Cause. So recite as much of the Qur'ân as may be easy (for you), and perform As-Salât (Iqâmat-as-Salât) and give Zakât, and lend to Allâh a goodly loan, and whatever good you send before you for yourselves, (i.e. Nawâfil non-obligatory acts of worship: prayers, charity, fasting, Hajj and 'Umrah, etc.), you will certainly find it with Allâh, better and greater in reward. And seek Forgiveness of Allâh. Verily, Allâh is Oft-Forgiving, Most-Merciful” (alQur’an 73:20) • Rules of Jihad  No fighting was allowed during this time.  Rule of Tolerance: patience and forgiveness Khabbab bin Al-Arat narrated: “We complained to Allah's Apostle (of the persecution inflicted on us by the infidels) while he was sitting in the shade of the Ka'ba, leaning over his Burd (i.e. covering sheet). We said to him, "Would you seek help for us? Would you pray to Allah for us?" He said, "Among the nations before you a (believing) man would be put in a ditch that was dug for him, and a saw would be put over his head and he would be cut into two pieces; yet that (torture) would not make him give up his religion. His body would be combed with iron combs that would remove his flesh from the bones and nerves, yet that would not make him abandon his religion. By Allah, this religion (i.e. Islam) will prevail till a traveler from Sana (in Yemen) to Hadrarmaut will fear none but Allah, or a wolf as regards his sheep, but you (people) are hasty” (alBukhari)