Chapter 6 of 984 min read

7. Stage Seven: Reformation Era

المرحلة السابعة: عصر الإصلاح

Islamic Fiqh Wakefulness 1342H-Today/1924CE-Today Qabeelat Tayybah TCE Notes Revolution 9

Stage One Era of the Apostleship The Foundation (13BH – 11BH/ 609CE – 632CE) ! "# $ "%& ' ( ) *+ "%",- " ".+ - / 01 2 "345 6 7 3 8 + 6 7 9 ! : # 8 + ;< 8 (3 "= > ?)? @ '"A ; Allah says [in Surah alHashr]: “What Allah gave as booty (Fai’) to His Messenger (Muhammad SAW) from the people of the townships, - it is for Allah, His Messenger (Muhammad SAW), the kindred (of the Messenger Muhammad SAW), the orphans AlMasakin (the poor), and the wayfarer, in order that it may not become a fortune used by the rich among you. And whatsoever the Messenger (Muhammad SAW) gives you, take it, and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain (from it), and fear Allah. Verily, Allah is Severe in punishment” (alQur’an 59:7). • This ayah includes a command from Allah that we must obey His Messenger Muhammad (Peace be upon him). al-Miqdam ibn Ma’di Karib narrates the Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) said: “Verily, I have been given the Qur’an and something similar to it with it.” (Abu Dawood and Ahmad) • This refers to the fact that the Qur’an and the Sunnah are similar in status in terms of both being sources of legislation and authority. Geographical and Political Preview: The Arabian Peninsula • The Arabian Peninsula consisted of many parts; namely Hijaz, Tahama, Najd, and Shaam. • The Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) and Islam emerged from Makkah, which is part of Hijaz. • Hijaz was the western belt of the Arabian Peninsula, from Tabuk all the way down to Makkah. It was considered the most civilized region. • Tahama was the southern belt of the Arabian Peninsula. It extended to Hadramout in Yemen and was characterized with rocky mountains and rough terrain. Yemen was ruled by the Persians then. Yemen and Abyssinia (across the sea) consisted of a huge Christian civilization. Yemen was a fertile battleground between the Christians, the Pagans, and the Persians. • Najd was the central part of the Arabian Peninsula. It was the most dangerous part of Arabia and that’s where the Bedouins resided. Presently, Najd includes Riyad, the capital of Saudi Arabia, and is civilized. • Shaam was the northern region of the Arabian Peninsula. It extended to the Roman empire, which was Christian. The Roman Empire ruled Shaam, including the Arab tribes that lived in north called Ghassan. Qabeelat Tayybah TCE Notes Revolution 10

The Persians tried to influence this region but couldn’t because the Arabs resisted their beliefs and also because of the pride of the Persians. • Jews also lived in the Arabian Peninsula, in Yathrib (present-day Medinah), and in Khaybar (north of Medinah) Notes for this period The Prophet (Peace be upon him) lived for 13 years in Makkah as a Messenger and for 10-11years in Madinah. The legislation was different in each area. Traditions in Makkah and Madinah were closely related, though there were some differences between the regions: Makkah was a dead barren valley but was the center of trade and the capital of the Arabian Peninsula. Madinah was an urban, agricultural area so a zakah on harvests was established. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) also dealt with international law. He sent the early Muhajireen to Abyssinia for safety. There was also interaction with other faiths: Jews, Christians (i.e. Heraclius who was the head of the Romans). The Quraysh were the head tribe in Makkah and still have a special status until today. Uthman ibn Talhah was given keys to Ka’bah, and his descendants continue to be the holders of the keys. Politically, the tribal system was followed and implemented. The head of the tribe was the absolute authority. It was very difficult to break allegiance to the tribe. When one person called for assistance, it was said that 10,000 swords would be drawn. Islam is based on faith, not tribal affiliation, so when the Islam came, it changed the tribal customs, which was very controversial to the people of Makkah A brotherhood was established between Ansaar and Muhajiroon. This was unprecedented because their connection was not based on tribal identity but their Islamic identity. Periods of Legislation Faqeeh says: The early history of Islam at the time of the Messenge of Allah (Peace be upon him) was divided into two period; the Hijrah (migration of the Messenger) draws the distinctive line between them. Therefore, the years spent in Makkah starting with the Apostleship until before the Hijrah were called the Makkan period and the years spent in Madinah after the Hijarah and ending with the death of the Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) were called the Madinan period. Got that?!

Chapter 6 of 984 min read

7. Stage Seven: Reformation Era

المرحلة السابعة: عصر الإصلاح

Islamic Fiqh Wakefulness 1342H-Today/1924CE-Today Qabeelat Tayybah TCE Notes Revolution 9

Stage One Era of the Apostleship The Foundation (13BH – 11BH/ 609CE – 632CE) ! "# $ "%& ' ( ) *+ "%",- " ".+ - / 01 2 "345 6 7 3 8 + 6 7 9 ! : # 8 + ;< 8 (3 "= > ?)? @ '"A ; Allah says [in Surah alHashr]: “What Allah gave as booty (Fai’) to His Messenger (Muhammad SAW) from the people of the townships, - it is for Allah, His Messenger (Muhammad SAW), the kindred (of the Messenger Muhammad SAW), the orphans AlMasakin (the poor), and the wayfarer, in order that it may not become a fortune used by the rich among you. And whatsoever the Messenger (Muhammad SAW) gives you, take it, and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain (from it), and fear Allah. Verily, Allah is Severe in punishment” (alQur’an 59:7). • This ayah includes a command from Allah that we must obey His Messenger Muhammad (Peace be upon him). al-Miqdam ibn Ma’di Karib narrates the Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) said: “Verily, I have been given the Qur’an and something similar to it with it.” (Abu Dawood and Ahmad) • This refers to the fact that the Qur’an and the Sunnah are similar in status in terms of both being sources of legislation and authority. Geographical and Political Preview: The Arabian Peninsula • The Arabian Peninsula consisted of many parts; namely Hijaz, Tahama, Najd, and Shaam. • The Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) and Islam emerged from Makkah, which is part of Hijaz. • Hijaz was the western belt of the Arabian Peninsula, from Tabuk all the way down to Makkah. It was considered the most civilized region. • Tahama was the southern belt of the Arabian Peninsula. It extended to Hadramout in Yemen and was characterized with rocky mountains and rough terrain. Yemen was ruled by the Persians then. Yemen and Abyssinia (across the sea) consisted of a huge Christian civilization. Yemen was a fertile battleground between the Christians, the Pagans, and the Persians. • Najd was the central part of the Arabian Peninsula. It was the most dangerous part of Arabia and that’s where the Bedouins resided. Presently, Najd includes Riyad, the capital of Saudi Arabia, and is civilized. • Shaam was the northern region of the Arabian Peninsula. It extended to the Roman empire, which was Christian. The Roman Empire ruled Shaam, including the Arab tribes that lived in north called Ghassan. Qabeelat Tayybah TCE Notes Revolution 10

The Persians tried to influence this region but couldn’t because the Arabs resisted their beliefs and also because of the pride of the Persians. • Jews also lived in the Arabian Peninsula, in Yathrib (present-day Medinah), and in Khaybar (north of Medinah) Notes for this period The Prophet (Peace be upon him) lived for 13 years in Makkah as a Messenger and for 10-11years in Madinah. The legislation was different in each area. Traditions in Makkah and Madinah were closely related, though there were some differences between the regions: Makkah was a dead barren valley but was the center of trade and the capital of the Arabian Peninsula. Madinah was an urban, agricultural area so a zakah on harvests was established. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) also dealt with international law. He sent the early Muhajireen to Abyssinia for safety. There was also interaction with other faiths: Jews, Christians (i.e. Heraclius who was the head of the Romans). The Quraysh were the head tribe in Makkah and still have a special status until today. Uthman ibn Talhah was given keys to Ka’bah, and his descendants continue to be the holders of the keys. Politically, the tribal system was followed and implemented. The head of the tribe was the absolute authority. It was very difficult to break allegiance to the tribe. When one person called for assistance, it was said that 10,000 swords would be drawn. Islam is based on faith, not tribal affiliation, so when the Islam came, it changed the tribal customs, which was very controversial to the people of Makkah A brotherhood was established between Ansaar and Muhajiroon. This was unprecedented because their connection was not based on tribal identity but their Islamic identity. Periods of Legislation Faqeeh says: The early history of Islam at the time of the Messenge of Allah (Peace be upon him) was divided into two period; the Hijrah (migration of the Messenger) draws the distinctive line between them. Therefore, the years spent in Makkah starting with the Apostleship until before the Hijrah were called the Makkan period and the years spent in Madinah after the Hijarah and ending with the death of the Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) were called the Madinan period. Got that?!