5. Differences over Juristic Methods:

• The use of qiyas or ar Ra’ee. The use of qiyas is done by Hanafis more than anyone else. • Al hayal • Ijma’: Some scholars give preference to this type of method. Some confined it only up until the Sahabah. • Imam Malik took the customs of people of Madinah Manners of the Imams: See everything mentioned about their lives before. The Position of the Student of Knowledge on the Imams: As students of knowledge we should love all of the ulema for the Sake of Allah. Even if one differs with them in their opinion. We should love them just because of their service to the deen. When discussing their fiqh, we should do it with full respect, high regard and objectivity. When they are being attacked, we should defend their honor in the best way. If you have enough knowledge, then following the real madhab of those imams, the madhab of the Prophet of Allah (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him). For example, one issue in the Hanafi madhab is to raise the hands during salah. The hadith of Abdullah bin Masood, who said that the prophet (peace be upon him) would raise his hands only once in salah and never again. Abdullah ibn Umar’s hadith relates that the Prophet (peace be upon him) did raise his hands for the ruku’ for coming back for Ruku’. However, if you choose to follow Abu Hanifah as a muqalid and based on the fact that you don’t have enough knowledge then that is deemed fine. Qabeelat Tayybah TCE Notes Revolution 88

Stage Five Era of the Four Madhahib Madhab Rivalry (339H-656H/960CE-1258CE)
Geographical and Political Preview Geographical and Political Preview Geographical and Political Preview Geographical and Political Preview • The Invasion of the Crusaders After a sudden increase in religiosity in Europe, the Italians, French and English decided to attack the Muslims in order to conquer the Holy City of Jerusalem. This was the first time the Muslims met people from places like Italy and England. They were totally shocked and surprised by the invasion of these barbarians. The Muslims were not expecting an attack from Europe, much less an attack with such force and brutality that the Crusaders brought. The premise of this invasion was to rid the Holy Land, the birth place of their ‘Savior’, of the ‘Infidels’ who had no right to the land. The suddenness and impact of this invasion has many similarities to the event on 9/11. The Crusaders terrorized the entire area killing any and everyone they felt like, be he/she Muslim, Jew or Christian. At the beginning of the invasion the Muslims were so surprised that they did not know how to respond, should they fight back or try diplomacy? After observing the atrocities of the invaders they had no choice but to fight back and defend the land and lives of the Muslims as well as the Jews from these barbarians. The conflict lasted for many years and it was not until Salahuddin Ayyubi that the Crusaders were successfully driven out of Jerusalem. • The decline of the ‘Abbasids Khilafah It was during this period that the ‘Abbasid Khilafah started a gradual downward spiral. They had lost much of the power and influence that they once had. This spiral only ended with their total defeat at the hands of the Mongols. • The Mongols and the sacking of Baghdad Two Shi’aite Ministers of the ‘Abbasids, Abu Ja’far At-Toosi and Ibn Alqamah invited the Mongols to destroy the ‘Abbasid government. When they entered Baghdad they destroyed everything in their path. They demolished houses and burnt libraries. They had no respect for knowledge or the people of knowledge. Baghdad at that time was the center for learning and housed many libraries with the works of many of our great Scholars. The Mongols threw millions of these works into the river just so that they could cross to the other side. It was said that for months the banks of the river was stained with the ink from these books. This was one of the single greatest lost for the Muslims. Many of our great works were lost to us forever. This was the end of the ‘Abbasid Khilafah. Unlike the Ummayads who managed to extend their reign by moving west, the ‘Abbasid could not revive their Dynasty. This loss meant that there was no more Qabeelat Tayybah TCE Notes Revolution 89

Khilafah. This caused great turmoil in the Muslim world. Many groups tried to establish the Khilafah in their localities. One of these groups was the Mamlukes who were former slaves of the Kings of Egypt.
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