5. Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhab 1206H/1791CE

o People consider him the founder of the ‘Wahhabi sect’, but it is not really a sect. o He revolted against the culture of his time and fought against the deviations/shirk of the time using military action. o He and his followers were called "ikhwan" o They allied with al Saud family to fight against the Mushrikeen in Makkah, Madinah, and Arabia in general, and they even went all the way to Iraq. o He was able to establish order and bring back the tribes to the sunnah after they had fallen into shirk such as making tawaf around shrines, graves etc. Qabeelat Tayybah TCE Notes Revolution 116

o The Ottoman Empire never used to show any interest in the Arabian Peninsula because they considered the people to be Bedouins, nomads etc; however, they demanded allegiance from whoever prevailed there. Many people complained about the attacks of ibn Abdul Wahhab, so the Ottomans sent their deputies to fight against ibn Abdul Wahhab. The Ottomans lost the first battle. However, they later sent a larger army which almost wiped out Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab and his children and grandchildren. They were taken into Egypt and then sent back Arabia 10 years later. There he tried to establish the Saudia government but it took another three generations for it to become as we see it today. Reformers of Fiqh in this Stage