5. Creating a new dogma in fiqh. Promotion of madhahib led to a new dogma i.e. madhab sectarianism,

madhab ‘aqeedah. Madhab becomes like one of the Arkan al-Islam, the 6 beliefs plus the madhab, so if a person does not follow a madhab, he is a deviant. • Imams and their positions on Taqleed The Arabic word for critical following is Ittiba’. Asking for a daleel is practicing ittiba’. Ittiba’ enhances the quality of Fiqh. It was promoted by the fuqaha’ in the past, and encouraged for students of knowledge. The Imams of the four madhahib were against taqleed, and all indicated that students should only follow only what is correct from them, and not follow blindly. This idea of asking for daleel to understand Fiqh is generally encouraged nowadays, unlike the past when some people would have found it offensive. Ibn Khuwayzm, a Maliki scholar, was an advocate of ittiba’ and wrote a book about it. Recently the ‘ulema’ started to create a culture of ittiba’ among the followers of their own madhahib. They print the Matn and add footnotes that contain evidences, hadith, and ayat, thus enhancing the quality of Fiqh. Knowing the daleel is very healthy for following one particular school of thought. Rulings of Ijtihad • Definition The term Ijtihad is derived from د هـ ج , which means to expend some effort in order to reach some difficult matter. Technically, ijtihad means to expend effort to arrive at a Shari’ah ruling. From this definition we can extrapolate that Shari’ah rulings are difficult to arrive at, and not everyone can do this. Qabeelat Tayybah TCE Notes Revolution 107

The Mujtahid is one who practices Ijtihad, and the Muqallid is one who practices Taqleed. • Prerequisites of Ijtihad and Mujtahid The Mujtahid should