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Imam at-TirmidhiJami at-Tirmidhi

...at-Tirmidhi. Notable for grading each hadith and mentioning scholarly differences.

Jalal ad-Din al-Mahalli & Jalal ad-Din as-SuyutiTafsir al-Jalalayn

...-Suyuti. A concise and widely studied tafsir written by two scholars both named Jalal ad-Din.

Imam an-NawawiSharh an-Nawawi on Sahih Muslim

... Sahih Muslim. Covers fiqh rulings, hadith terminology, and scholarly opinions.

Imam Ahmad ibn HanbalMusnad Ahmad

...he had memorized. The Musnad is a primary source for hadith scholars and contains many narrations not found in the six canonica...

Abdur-Razzaq as-San'aniMusannaf Abdur-Razzaq

... hadith compilations in Islam, compiled by the great Yemeni scholar Abdur-Razzaq ibn Hammam. Contains over 21,000 narrations, p...

Ibn Hajar al-AsqalaniBulugh al-Maram

...collections, noting their grades and the opinions of hadith scholars regarding their authenticity. One of the most widely taugh...

Ibn HibbanSahih Ibn Hibban

...oximately 7,500 hadith. The work is highly valued by hadith scholars for its methodology and for preserving many narrations wit...

Al-Hakim an-NaysaburiAl-Mustadrak ala as-Sahihayn

...collections. Contains approximately 8,800 narrations. While scholars like adh-Dhahabi noted that al-Hakim was sometimes lenient...

Imam al-QurtubiTafsir al-Qurtubi (Al-Jami li-Ahkam al-Quran)

... legal rulings (ahkam) from the Quran. Al-Qurtubi, a Maliki scholar, presents opinions from all four schools of fiqh, making th...

Imam al-BaghawiTafsir al-Baghawi (Ma'alim at-Tanzil)

By Imam al-Baghawi. A moderately sized tafsir that strikes a balance between the narration-based approach of at-Tabari and the more concise style of later works

Ibn al-JawziZad al-Masir fi Ilm at-Tafsir

.... A medium-length tafsir that excels in presenting multiple scholarly opinions concisely. Ibn al-Jawzi, the great Hanbali polym...

Muhammad al-Amin ash-ShinqitiAdwa al-Bayan

...lf (tafsir al-Quran bil-Quran). Ash-Shinqiti, a Mauritanian scholar of immense erudition, combined Quranic cross-referencing wi...

Abu Bakr ibn al-ArabiAhkam al-Quran (Ibn al-Arabi)

.... Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi, the prominent Andalusian judge and scholar (not to be confused with the Sufi Ibn Arabi), provides deta...

Imam ash-Shafi'iAl-Umm

...nd qiyas. The work also contains ash-Shafi'i's debates with scholars of other schools, making it a valuable source for comparat...

Ibn Rushd (Averroes)Bidayat al-Mujtahid

...o its evidence. An indispensable text for understanding why scholars differ.

Imam an-NawawiAl-Majmu Sharh al-Muhadhdhab

...c in scope, discussing the evidence from Quran, Sunnah, and scholarly consensus for each ruling and presenting opinions from al...

Ibn AbidinRadd al-Muhtar (Hashiyat Ibn Abidin)

...l-Mukhtar. Ibn Abidin synthesized centuries of Hanafi legal scholarship and provided definitive resolutions to disputed questio...

Al-MardawiAl-Insaf fi Ma'rifat ar-Rajih min al-Khilaf

...ting opinions transmitted from Imam Ahmad and later Hanbali scholars, then identified the strongest position for each issue. An...

Imam at-TahawiAl-Aqeedah at-Tahawiyyah

...beliefs of Ahl us-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah in a concise text that scholars of all four schools have endorsed. It covers the attribute...

Ibn TaymiyyahAl-Aqeedah al-Hamawiyyah

...ing them (ta'til), citing extensive evidence from the early scholars. The work is a major reference in Athari theology.

Ibn TaymiyyahMinhaj as-Sunnah an-Nabawiyyah

By Ibn Taymiyyah. A detailed response to the Shia scholar Ibn al-Mutahhar al-Hilli's Minhaj al-Karamah. Ibn Taymiyyah...

Ibn KhuzaymahKitab at-Tawhid (Ibn Khuzaymah)

...c. It represents the methodology of the early Ahl al-Hadith scholars in establishing creed through authentic narrations rather ...

Al-Lalika'iSharh Usul I'tiqad Ahl us-Sunnah

...ns from the Prophet, the Companions, the Tabi'in, and later scholars of Ahl us-Sunnah, organized by theological topic. Al-Lalik...

Abdullah al-AthariAl-Wajiz fi Aqidat as-Salaf as-Salih

...edal texts. Useful as both a study text and a reference for scholars and students.

Ibn KhaldunAl-Muqaddimah (Prolegomena)

...nization, and political power. The work transcended Islamic scholarship and influenced modern Western social sciences.

Qadi IyadAsh-Shifa

...racles of the Prophet Muhammad. Qadi Iyad, the great Maliki scholar of al-Andalus, compiled everything related to the Prophet's...

Ibn KhallikanWafayat al-A'yan (Deaths of Eminent Men)

...res from across the Islamic world. Ibn Khallikan, a Kurdish scholar and judge, combined scholarly precision with elegant prose,...

Ibn Rajab al-HanbaliJami al-Ulum wal-Hikam

...rrations, fiqh rulings, and spiritual lessons. The depth of scholarship far exceeds a typical hadith commentary, making this wo...

Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali, Ibn al-Qayyim & al-GhazaliTazkiyat an-Nafs (Purification of the Soul)

...i. A compiled work drawing from the writings of three major scholars on the purification of the soul. It covers the diseases of...

Ibn ManzurLisan al-Arab

... for classical Arabic lexicography and is indispensable for scholars of tafsir, hadith, and Arabic literature.

Imam al-GhazaliAl-Mustasfa min Ilm al-Usul

...ect, lineage, and property) profoundly influenced all later scholarship on the maqasid ash-shariah.

Ibn HazmAl-Fisal (The Separator)

...in classical Islamic literature. Ibn Hazm, the great Zahiri scholar of Andalusia, critically examines Judaism, Christianity, Zo...

Al-MizziTahdhib al-Kamal

...sive biographical dictionary of hadith narrators in Islamic scholarship. Al-Mizzi compiled detailed entries for every narrator ...

Imam as-SuyutiTadrib ar-Rawi

...pt in hadith sciences with abundant examples from classical scholarship. The work covers chain analysis, narrator criticism, ty...

Imam an-NawawiAl-Minhaj Sharh Sahih Muslim

... on hadith methodology, narrator biographies, and points of scholarly consensus and disagreement. This work complemented his Mi...

Ibn al-JawziTalbis Iblis (The Devil's Deceptions)

...s people from every walk of life. Ibn al-Jawzi examines how scholars, worshippers, ascetics, Sufis, merchants, rulers, and comm...

Ibn al-JawziSifat as-Safwah (Attributes of the Elite)

...e. The work covers prophets, companions, tabi'in, and later scholars, organized chronologically and geographically.

Qadi IyadAsh-Shifa (The Healing)

...Muhammad in Islamic literature. Qadi Iyad, the great Maliki scholar of Ceuta, compiled everything related to the Prophet's uniq...

Various scholarsAl-Qawa'id al-Fiqhiyyah (Legal Maxims)

By Various scholars. A compilation of the fundamental legal maxims upon which ...

Shah Waliullah ad-DihlawiHujjat Allah al-Balighah (The Conclusive Argument from God)

...and practice. Shah Waliullah, the great 18th-century Indian scholar, sought to demonstrate that every ruling in Islam serves a ...

Ibn TaymiyyahMajmu' al-Fatawa (Collection of Fatwas)

... virtually every topic in Islam. Collected and organized by scholars after his death, this 37-volume work covers creed, worship...

Ibn TaymiyyahIqtida as-Sirat al-Mustaqim

...ukhalafah), the evidence from the Quran and Sunnah, and the scholarly consensus on maintaining the unique identity of the Musli...

Muhammad ibn Abdul WahhabKashf ash-Shubuhat (Removal of Doubts)

...ing Quranic verses, hadith, and the statements of classical scholars as evidence. The work is a companion text to his Kitab at-...

Ibn Hajar al-HaytamiTuhfat al-Muhtaj

...ides extensive evidence from the Quran, Sunnah, and earlier scholars.

Ibn Nujaym al-MisriAl-Bahr ar-Ra'iq

...nd is a standard reference in Egyptian and Levantine Hanafi scholarship.

Imam ash-ShurunbulaliMaraqi al-Falah

...on his Nur al-Idah, expanding on each ruling with evidence, scholarly reasoning, and practical details. Widely used as an inter...

Imam al-BaydawiAnwar at-Tanzil (Tafsir al-Baydawi)

...lamic world, especially in Ottoman-era and Turkish-speaking scholarly circles. Al-Baydawi combined the linguistic insights of a...

Abu al-Barakat an-NasafiMadarik at-Tanzil (Tafsir an-Nasafi)

...dawi while maintaining Maturidi theology. Popular in Hanafi scholarly circles, especially in Central Asia and the Indian subcon...

Abu as-Su'ud al-ImadiIrshad al-Aql as-Salim (Tafsir Abu as-Su'ud)

By Abu as-Su'ud al-Imadi. A literary and theological masterpiece of Quranic exegesis by the Grand Mufti of the Ottoman Empire. Abu as-Su'ud combined deep lingui

Imam at-TabaraniAl-Mu'jam al-Kabir

... in the six major collections. A critical source for hadith scholars seeking comprehensive evidence and alternative chains.

Ali al-HujwiriKashf al-Mahjub

...ian, it remains a standard reference in South Asian Islamic scholarship.

Ibn HibbanRawdat al-Uqala

...dom, anecdotes, and etiquettes compiled by the great hadith scholar Ibn Hibban. The work covers topics such as intelligence, pa...

Al-Khatib al-BaghdadiAl-Kifayah fi Ilm ar-Riwayah

...riticism. Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, one of the greatest hadith scholars of Baghdad, covers the conditions for accepting narrators,...

Ibn KathirAs-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah

...lly evaluating the chains of narration for each incident. A scholarly yet readable account of the Prophet's life.

Imam as-Salihi ash-ShamiSubul al-Huda war-Rashad

... of material makes it an indispensable reference for seerah scholars.

Ibn al-HumamFath al-Qadir

...gal analysis. Ibn al-Humam, one of the greatest late Hanafi scholars, brings the methods of the hadith scholars to bear on Hana...

Al-Khatib ash-ShirbiniMughni al-Muhtaj

...thorough analysis make it the preferred commentary for many scholars, alongside Tuhfat al-Muhtaj by Ibn Hajar al-Haytami.

Imam ar-RamliNihayat al-Muhtaj

...) provides meticulous legal analysis. When Egyptian Shafi'i scholars cite 'the relied-upon opinion,' they typically follow ar-R...

Imam as-SuyutiAl-Iklil fi Istinbat at-Tanzil

...zing the ayat by jurisprudential topic. As-Suyuti shows how scholars derive fiqh rulings from Quranic verses, demonstrating the...

Ibn Abd al-BarrAt-Tamhid

...explains its legal implications, and discusses the views of scholars from all madhabs. A monumental achievement in hadith schol...

Al-Khatib al-BaghdadiTarikh Baghdad

By Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi. A biographical dictionary of the scholars, hadith narrators, jurists, and notable figures who lived ...

Ibn TaymiyyahMajmu al-Fatawa (detailed)

... across 37 volumes, it represents one of the most extensive scholarly outputs in Islamic history.

Taj ad-Din as-SubkiTabaqat ash-Shafi'iyyah al-Kubra

.... The most comprehensive biographical dictionary of Shafi'i scholars, from Imam ash-Shafi'i himself through the author's contem...

Abd al-Qadir al-QurashiAl-Jawahir al-Mudiyyah

...rashi. The most important biographical dictionary of Hanafi scholars, covering the lives and works of jurists from the school's...

Ibn FarhunAd-Dibaj al-Mudhahhab

... Ibn Farhun. The standard biographical dictionary of Maliki scholars, covering the lives and contributions of jurists from Imam...

Ibn BadranAl-Madkhal ila Madhab al-Imam Ahmad

... jurisprudence covering its methodology, terminology, major scholars, key texts, and the development of the school from Imam Ah...

Imam al-JuwayniAl-Burhan fi Usul al-Fiqh

...f maqasid (objectives) of Islamic law that influenced later scholars like ash-Shatibi.

Az-ZamakhshariTafsir al-Kashshaf

...z-Zamakhshari held Mu'tazili theological views (which later scholars identified and corrected), his linguistic insights remain ...

Mufti Muhammad ShafiMa'arif al-Quran

...contemporary issues while remaining grounded in traditional scholarship. Translated into English as an 8-volume set.

Al-MawardiAl-Hawi al-Kabir

... reasoning. It remains a key reference for advanced Shafi'i scholarship.

Badr ad-Din al-AyniUmdat al-Qari

...rt to Ibn Hajar's Fath al-Bari. Al-Ayni, a contemporary and scholarly rival of Ibn Hajar, provides detailed linguistic analysis...

Imam ash-Shafi'iKitab al-Umm (Shafi'i Fiqh Compendium)

...detailed legal reasoning on every major topic, debates with scholars from other schools, and forms the primary source for under...

Abu Nu'aym al-IsfahaniHilyat al-Awliya

...ighteous, from the companions through the tabi'in and later scholars. Abu Nu'aym records their worship, asceticism, knowledge, ...

Ibn al-Qayyim al-JawziyyahI'lam al-Muwaqqi'in (detailed)

... provides hundreds of examples of how the Prophet and early scholars applied flexible reasoning.

Wahbah az-ZuhayliAl-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuh

...discussing modern applications. This work bridges classical scholarship and contemporary needs, widely used in universities and...

Rahmatullah al-KairanawiIzhar al-Haqq

...the Bible and argues for the truth of Islam. Al-Kairanawi's scholarship and use of European biblical criticism made this one of...

Muhammad at-Tahir ibn AshurMaqasid ash-Shari'ah

..., not merely a subsidiary of usul al-fiqh. His work renewed scholarly interest in purpose-based legal reasoning.

Muhammad at-Tahir ibn AshurTafsir at-Tahrir wat-Tanwir

...n Ashur. A monumental modern tafsir that combines classical scholarship with maqasid-based analysis. Ibn Ashur pays special att...

Sayyid QutbFi Zilal al-Quran (In the Shade of the Quran)

...ing on its relevance to modern life and society. While some scholarly positions are debated, its powerful prose style has made ...

Fakhr al-Din al-Zayla'iTabyin al-Haqaiq

... with evidence from hadith and the opinions of early Hanafi scholars.

Imam al-NawawiRawdat al-Talibin

...d the positions, making it a standard reference for Shafi'i scholars.

Imam al-GhazaliAl-Wajiz fi al-Fiqh

...ali. A concise manual of Shafi'i jurisprudence by the great scholar al-Ghazali. It became the basis for al-Rafi'i's monumental ...

Ala' al-Din al-MardawiAl-Insaf

...tributed to Imam Ahmad, making it indispensable for Hanbali scholarship.

al-MubarakpuriTuhfat al-Ahwadhi

...ensive commentary on Jami' al-Tirmidhi by the Indian hadith scholar al-Mubarakpuri. It provides detailed explanations of hadith...

Jalal al-Din al-SuyutiSharh Sunan al-Nasai

...legal implications in the tradition of al-Suyuti's prolific scholarship.

Jamal al-Din al-MizziTahdhib al-Kamal

...omprehensive work on hadith narrator biographies in Islamic scholarship. Al-Mizzi refined and expanded al-Maqdisi's earlier Kam...

Ibn Hajar al-AsqalaniTaqrib al-Tahdhib

...t became the most practical quick-reference tool for hadith scholars assessing narrator reliability.

Shams al-Din al-DhahabiSiyar A'lam al-Nubala

...abi's contemporaries. It contains biographies of over 5,000 scholars, rulers, and notable figures.

Jalal ad-Din as-SuyutiAl-Itqan fi Ulum al-Quran

...odology. As-Suyuti synthesized the findings of all previous scholars in the field into this encyclopedic reference.

Abu al-Qasim at-TabaraniAl-Mu'jam al-Awsat

...any unique (gharib) hadiths not found in other collections. Scholars value it particularly for its rare chains of transmission.

Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn KhuzaymahSahih Ibn Khuzaymah

...ork survives, but it remains an important source for hadith scholars.

Shams ad-Din adh-DhahabiTadhkirat al-Huffaz

...panions to adh-Dhahabi's own time. Each entry describes the scholar's training, teachers, students, notable works, and rank in ...

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ad-DusuqiHashiyat ad-Dusuqi ala ash-Sharh al-Kabir

...mmentary, this forms the standard reference pair for Maliki scholars in North and West Africa.

Shams ad-Din ar-RamliNihayat al-Muhtaj ila Sharh al-Minhaj

...tive, and where he and Ibn Hajar al-Haytami differ, Shafi'i scholars in Egypt and the Hijaz generally follow ar-Ramli.

Ibn Hajar al-HaytamiTuhfat al-Muhtaj fi Sharh al-Minhaj

...nd deeply analytical. Where he and ar-Ramli differ, Shafi'i scholars in South Arabia, India, and Southeast Asia generally follo...

Ala ad-Din al-MardawiAl-Insaf fi Ma'rifat ar-Rajih min al-Khilaf

...o the school's methodology. It is indispensable for Hanbali scholars and muftis.

Muhammad ibn Jarir at-TabariTarikh at-Tabari (History of Prophets and Kings)

...ains of transmission (isnad) for each event, allowing later scholars to evaluate the reliability of the reports. This methodolo...

Abu Talib al-MakkiQut al-Qulub (Nourishment of Hearts)

... systematic spiritual development, bridging the gap between scholars and mystics.

Taj ad-Din as-SubkiTabaqat ash-Shafi'iyyah al-Kubra

.... The most comprehensive biographical dictionary of Shafi'i scholars, covering over 1,500 entries from Imam ash-Shafi'i to as-S...

Ibn KhallikanWafayat al-A'yan (Deaths of Eminent Men)

...covering approximately 865 notable figures from all fields: scholars, poets, physicians, rulers, and more. Ibn Khallikan's eleg...

Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ariAl-Ibanah an Usul ad-Diyanah

...n which he affirms the theology of Imam Ahmad and the early scholars. This work is significant for understanding al-Ash'ari's f...

Ibn Abi al-Izz al-HanafiSharh al-Aqidah at-Tahawiyyah

...vidence from Quran, Sunnah, and the statements of the early scholars. This commentary leans toward the Athari/Salafi theologica...

Wahbah az-ZuhayliAl-Wajiz fi Usul al-Fiqh

...l al-fiqh in accessible academic language while maintaining scholarly rigor, covering sources of law, linguistic analysis, lega...

Sayf ad-Din al-AmidiAl-Ihkam fi Usul al-Ahkam

...nized treatise that became the standard reference for later scholars. Many subsequent usul works are essentially commentaries o...

Zayn ad-Din al-MalibariFath al-Mu'in bi Sharh Qurrat al-Ayn

...studied in South and Southeast Asia. Al-Malibari, an Indian scholar, provides a detailed commentary that became the basis for t...

Abu Bakr ad-DimyatiI'anat at-Talibin

...ical guidance that make the work accessible to students and scholars alike.

Abu Umar ibn Abd al-BarrAl-Kafi fi Fiqh Ahl al-Madinah

...rehensive Maliki fiqh manual by the great Andalusian hadith scholar Ibn Abd al-Barr. Unlike his other works which are comparati...

Ibn Juzayy al-KalbiAl-Qawanin al-Fiqhiyyah

...ch issue in a clear, organized format. Ibn Juzayy, a Maliki scholar from Granada, created an accessible reference that allows r...

Ibn Hazm al-AndalusiAl-Muhalla bil-Athar

...directly from Quran, Sunnah, and consensus. Even non-Zahiri scholars consult this work for its rigorous hadith analysis and uni...

Ibn Qayyim al-JawziyyahAl-Wabil as-Sayyib min al-Kalim at-Tayyib

By Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah. A beautiful treatise on dhikr and its 70+ benefits for the heart and soul.