319 results for “islam”

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sahabi Khadijah bint Khuwailid

First wife of the Prophet and the first person to accept Islam.

sahabi Khadijah bint Khuwaylid

...t wife of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and the first person to accept Islam. A successful businesswoman and beloved mother of the belie...

sahabi Abu Sufyan ibn Harb

Leader of Quraysh who accepted Islam at the conquest of Mecca.

sahabi Hamzah ibn Abdul-Muttalib

...Martyrs.' Hamzah's conversion was a turning point for early Islam, and he was martyred at the Battle of Uhud.

sahabi Abu Bakr as-Siddiq

The first adult male to accept Islam and the first Rightly-Guided Caliph.

sahabi Abdurrahman ibn Awf

...mised Paradise, a wealthy companion who gave generously for Islam.

sahabi Bilal ibn Rabah

The first muezzin of Islam, an Abyssinian former slave who endured severe torture for ...

sahabi Abdur-Rahman ibn Awf

...e ten promised Paradise and among the first eight to accept Islam. Abdur-Rahman was renowned for his immense wealth and extra...

sahabi Said ibn Zayd

...f the ten promised Paradise, among the earliest converts to Islam.

sahabi Talhah ibn Ubaydullah

... ten promised Paradise and among the first eight to embrace Islam. Talhah was renowned for his bravery at the Battle of Uhud,...

sahabi Zubayr ibn al-Awwam

...ah. Az-Zubayr was the first to draw his sword in defense of Islam and fought in every major battle alongside the Prophet.

sahabi Aisha bint Abi Bakr

Wife of the Prophet and one of the greatest scholars of Islam, narrating over 2,200 hadith.

sahabi Sumayyah bint Khayyat

The first martyr in Islam, killed by Abu Jahl for refusing to renounce her faith.

sahabi Husain ibn Ali

...gainst injustice became one of the most defining moments in Islamic history.

sahabi Husayn ibn Ali

...the Battle of Karbala, an event of profound significance in Islamic history.

tabii Al-Hasan al-Basri

...und piety. Al-Hasan al-Basri was a towering figure in early Islamic scholarship whose circle in Basra shaped theology, jurisp...

tabii Urwah ibn az-Zubayr

One of the seven great jurists of Madinah and a pioneer of Islamic historiography. The son of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam and Asma b...

tabii Az-Zuhri

One of the greatest hadith scholars in Islamic history and the first to systematically compile hadith on...

classical Harun ar-Rashid

Fifth Abbasid caliph who presided over the Islamic Golden Age. A patron of scholars and learning who establi...

classical Imam Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi'i

...dence). His book al-Risalah is the first systematic work on Islamic legal theory.

classical Imam al-Ghazali

...r of Ihya Ulum ad-Din, one of the most influential works on Islamic spirituality and practice.

classical Abdul-Qadir al-Jilani

...of Baghdad whose sermons drew thousands, known for reviving Islamic learning.

classical Ibn al-Athir

...il fi at-Tarikh, one of the most important histories of the Islamic world.

medieval Al-Biruni

Muslim polymath and one of the greatest scholars in Islamic history. Authored over 140 works spanning astronomy, math...

medieval Abu al-Hasan al-Mawardi

...hored al-Ahkam as-Sultaniyyah, the foundational treatise on Islamic governance, constitutional law, and political theory.

medieval Imam Abu Hamid al-Ghazali

One of the most influential scholars in Islamic history. Known as Hujjat al-Islam (Proof of Islam). Autho...

medieval Nasir ad-Din al-Baydawi

...-Asrar at-Ta'wil, one of the most widely studied tafsirs in Islamic seminaries. A Shafi'i jurist and Ash'ari theologian.

medieval Ahmad ibn Ataillah as-Sakandari

... aphorisms that became one of the most widely read texts in Islamic spirituality.

medieval Ibn Taymiyyah

One of the most influential scholars in Islamic history, a Hanbali jurist, theologian, and reformer.

medieval adh-Dhahabi

The foremost historian of Islam and hadith critic, author of Siyar Alam an-Nubala (biograph...

medieval ash-Shatibi

...o pioneered the study of Maqasid ash-Shariah (objectives of Islamic law) in his work al-Muwafaqat.

ottoman Zakariyya al-Ansari

Shaykh al-Islam of Egypt and a leading Shafi'i authority. Authored commenta...

ottoman Muhammad al-Fatih

...53 CE), fulfilling the prophecy of the Prophet. A patron of Islamic scholarship and architecture who spoke multiple languages...

ottoman Imam as-Suyuti

One of the most prolific authors in Islamic history with over 500 works, co-author of Tafsir al-Jalal...

modern Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani

Pan-Islamic political activist and Islamic modernist who traveled acr...

modern Muhammad Abduh

Egyptian Islamic reformer and Grand Mufti of Egypt who advocated for moder...

modern Ashraf Ali Thanwi

...l-Quran (tafsir) and Bahishti Zewar, a widely read guide to Islamic practice.

modern Muhammad Zahid al-Kawthari

...a Hanafi scholar who served as deputy to the last Shaykh al-Islam of the Ottoman Empire.

modern Muhammad Ilyas al-Kandhlawi

...lar and founder of the Tablighi Jama'at, one of the largest Islamic grassroots movements in the world. Emphasized door-to-doo...

modern Muhammad Hamid al-Fiqqi

...is life to spreading the Athari creed and editing classical Islamic texts.

modern Abul Ala al-Mawdudi

Author of Tafhim al-Quran and founder of Jamaat-e-Islami, a major Islamic revivalist thinker.

modern Mustafa az-Zarqa

Syrian Hanafi jurist and one of the foremost authorities on Islamic law in the modern period. Author of al-Madkhal al-Fiqhi a...

modern Muhammad Amin ash-Shanqiti

...ns the Quran through the Quran itself. A master of multiple Islamic sciences who taught at the Islamic University of Medina.

modern Ali at-Tantawi

...prolific writer known for his literary style and pioneering Islamic television programs. His memoirs (Dhikrayat) and accessib...

modern Yusuf al-Qaradawi

...f over 120 books including The Lawful and the Prohibited in Islam, and a prominent voice for centrist Islamic jurisprudence.

modern Wahba az-Zuhayli

Syrian scholar and author of al-Fiqh al-Islami wa-Adillatuhu, a comprehensive comparative fiqh encycloped...

modern Rabi' al-Madkhali

...udi scholar and former head of the Sunnah department at the Islamic University of Medina. Known for his works on hadith metho...

modern Wahbah az-Zuhayli

Syrian scholar and author of al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuh, a comprehensive encyclopedia of Islamic juri...

modern Abdul-Muhsin al-Abbad

Saudi hadith scholar and former vice-chancellor of the Islamic University of Medina. Known for his extensive commentary ...

modern Muhammad Taqi Usmani

... of the Shariah Appellate Bench, and a leading authority on Islamic finance.

modern Nuh Ha Mim Keller

American convert to Islam and Shafi'i scholar based in Amman. Translated the Reliance...

modern Muhammad al-Hasan Walad ad-Dadaw

...ath scholar known for his encyclopedic knowledge across all Islamic sciences.

modern Nawawi al-Bantani

The most influential Southeast Asian Islamic scholar, based in Mecca, whose commentaries on classical ...

modern Hamka

Indonesian Islamic scholar, author, and political figure, known for his majo...

modern Muhammad Sa'id Ramadan al-Buti

...amascus University, author of numerous influential books on Islamic thought and jurisprudence.

modern Ali Gomaa

...Shafi'i jurist and Azhari scholar known for his traditional Islamic scholarship and engagement with contemporary issues.

modern Habib Umar bin Hafiz

...l-Mustafa in Tarim, one of the most influential traditional Islamic learning centers in the world.

modern Habib Ali al-Jifri

Yemeni-Emirati Islamic scholar, media personality, and founder of the Tabah Foun...

medieval Ibn Ata'illah as-Sakandari

...'al-Hikam' (Aphorisms), one of the most celebrated texts of Islamic spirituality.

classical Ibn Abi ad-Dunya

Prolific Baghdadi scholar who authored hundreds of works on Islamic ethics, asceticism, and the afterlife.

classical al-Hakim at-Tirmidhi

...e Saints), a pioneering work on the concept of sainthood in Islam.

medieval al-Iji

...of 'al-Mawaqif,' one of the most comprehensive treatises on Islamic theology.

medieval al-Jurjani

...awaqif' and 'Kitab at-Ta'rifat,' an essential dictionary of Islamic scholarly terminology.

medieval Ibn al-Mulaqqin

...t and hadith scholar, one of the most productive authors in Islamic history.

ottoman Abd al-Ghani an-Nabulusi

...rist, Sufi master, and prolific author of over 500 works on Islamic sciences, literature, and travel.

modern Muhammad al-Yaqoubi

...a distinguished scholarly family, known for his traditional Islamic teaching and work in counter-extremism.

modern Zainab al-Ghazali

Egyptian Islamic activist and author, founder of the Muslim Women's Associ...

modern al-Kawthari

Last Shaykh al-Islam of the Ottoman Caliphate and a fierce defender of the Hanaf...

modern al-Lucknawi

...g at age 39, renowned for his encyclopedic knowledge across Islamic sciences.

modern Hasyim Asy'ari

Founder of Nahdlatul Ulama, the largest Islamic organization in the world, and a towering figure in Indon...

modern Ahmad Dahlan

Founder of Muhammadiyah, one of the largest Islamic organizations in Indonesia, and a pioneer of Islamic educ...

ottoman Abd ar-Ra'uf as-Singkili

...ehnese scholar who studied in Arabia and became the leading Islamic authority in Southeast Asia, producing the first complete...

medieval Ibn al-Hajj al-Abdari

...aliki jurist and author of 'al-Madkhal,' a detailed work on Islamic etiquette, religious practices, and social customs.

ottoman Ibn Nujaym al-Misri

... jurist, author of 'al-Ashbah wan-Naza'ir,' a masterwork on Islamic legal maxims and principles.

ottoman al-Khadimi

...hmudiyyah,' a commentary on 'at-Tariqa al-Muhammadiyyah' on Islamic ethics and practice.

medieval Ibn Arabi

...), one of the most influential and controversial figures in Islamic mysticism.

medieval Ibn Muflih

...-Adab ash-Shar'iyyah,' major references in Hanbali fiqh and Islamic ethics.

modern Abu al-Hasan an-Nadwi

Indian Islamic scholar and author of 'Madha Khasira al-Alam bi Inhitat a...

modern Muhammad al-Ghazali as-Saqqa

Egyptian Islamic scholar and thinker, author of numerous influential books...

modern Abd al-Hayy al-Hasani

...at al-Khawatir,' an eight-volume biographical dictionary of Islamic scholars in the Indian subcontinent.

modern Yusuf an-Nabhani

...'i judge and prolific author of works defending traditional Islamic scholarship and collecting prophetic praises.

modern Muhammad Rashid Rida

Syrian-Egyptian Islamic reformer, student of Muhammad Abduh, and author of 'Tafsi...

modern al-Khudari

Egyptian scholar and historian, author of popular works on Islamic history, jurisprudence, and the history of Islamic legisl...

modern Abd al-Qadir al-Arna'ut

...ian origin, renowned for his critical editions of classical Islamic texts and hadith verification.

modern Ali al-Qaradaghi

...f the International Union of Muslim Scholars, specialist in Islamic economics and finance.

modern Hasan Ayyub

Egyptian Islamic scholar and author of popular, accessible books on fiqh, ...

jahiliyyah Abu Lahab

...rophet Muhammad ﷺ and one of the most vehement opponents of Islam, the only individual condemned by name in the Quran in Sura...

jahiliyyah Abu Jahl

The chief leader of Qurayshi opposition to the Prophet ﷺ, known as the 'Pharaoh of this Ummah', killed at the Battle of Badr.

jahiliyyah Umm Jamil bint Harb

Wife of Abu Lahab and sister of Abu Sufyan, condemned in Surah al-Masad (111:4) as a 'carrier of firewood' for her active role in persecuting the Prophet ﷺ.

jahiliyyah Uqba ibn Abi Muayt

Qurayshi persecutor who placed the intestines of a slaughtered animal on the Prophet ﷺ during prayer, and was executed after the Battle of Badr.

jahiliyyah Al-Walid ibn al-Mughirah

Wealthy and influential Qurayshi leader whose arrogant rejection of the Quran is directly addressed and rebuked in Surah al-Muddaththir (74:11-26).

sahabi Hind bint Utbah

Wife of Abu Sufyan who fiercely opposed Islam before the Conquest of Makkah, later accepted Islam and bec...

jahiliyyah Ubayy ibn Khalaf

Qurayshi enemy who mocked the resurrection and was killed by the Prophet ﷺ personally at Uhud — one of only three individuals the Prophet ﷺ killed directly in b

jahiliyyah Al-Nadr ibn al-Harith

Qurayshi intellectual opponent who sought to counter the Quran with Persian tales and mocked its divine origin, executed after the Battle of Badr.

modern Jafar Sheikh Idris

Sudanese Islamic scholar, philosopher, and educator (1931–2025 CE). Born i...

modern Bilal Philips

Canadian-Jamaican Islamic scholar, prolific author of over 50 books in English on I...

modern Yusuf Estes

American convert to Islam and prominent da'wah scholar known for his accessible teach...

modern Yasir Qadhi

American Islamic scholar with a PhD from Yale University, formerly Dean of...

modern Jonathan Brown

American convert to Islam and Associate Professor at Georgetown University, specializ...

modern Sherman Jackson

American Islamic studies scholar at the University of Southern California,...

sahabi Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib

...e Prophet's uncle and one of the greatest warriors of early Islam, martyred at Uhud.

sahabi Fatimah al-Zahra

...ife of Ali ibn Abi Talib, one of the four greatest women in Islamic tradition.

sahabi Said ibn Zayd

...anions promised Paradise and among the earliest converts to Islam.

sahabi Safiyyah bint Huyayy

A wife of the Prophet ﷺ of Jewish descent, who converted to Islam and is honored as a Mother of the Believers.

Pre-Islamic Hawwa (Eve)

The first woman, wife of Prophet Adam AS, created from him and the mother of all humanity.

Pre-Islamic Iblis (Satan)

The jinn who refused to prostrate to Adam AS and became the arch-enemy of humanity until the Day of Judgment.

Pre-Islamic Habil (Abel)

Son of Adam AS, the first person to die and the first martyr in human history.

Pre-Islamic Qabil (Cain)

Son of Adam AS who committed the first murder in human history by killing his brother Habil.

Pre-Islamic Namrud (Nimrod)

The tyrannical king who threw Prophet Ibrahim into the fire and claimed to be god.

Pre-Islamic Sarah (wife of Ibrahim)

First wife of Prophet Ibrahim AS and mother of Prophet Ishaq AS.

Pre-Islamic Azar (Terah)

Father (or paternal uncle) of Prophet Ibrahim AS, an idol-maker who refused to accept the truth.

Pre-Islamic Firawn, Pharaoh of Musa

The Pharaoh of Egypt who enslaved the Israelites and was drowned by Allah after rejecting Musa AS.

Pre-Islamic Asiyah bint Muzahim

...s martyred for her faith. One of the four greatest women in Islam.

Pre-Islamic Qarun (Korah)

The immensely wealthy Israelite who was swallowed by the earth after rejecting Musa and claiming his wealth was by his own skill.

Pre-Islamic Yusha ibn Nun (Joshua)

... the Israelites into the Holy Land. Considered a prophet in Islamic tradition.

Pre-Islamic al-Khidr

The mysterious servant of Allah whom Musa AS traveled with, possessing divine knowledge beyond apparent wisdom.

Pre-Islamic al-Samiri (the Samaritan)

The man who fashioned the golden calf for the Israelites to worship while Musa AS was away on Mount Sinai.

Pre-Islamic Zulaykha

The wife of the Egyptian minister al-Aziz who tried to seduce Prophet Yusuf AS and later acknowledged his innocence.

Pre-Islamic Maryam (Mary)

Mother of Prophet Isa AS, one of the four greatest women in Islamic history, the only woman named in the Quran.

Pre-Islamic Bilqis, Queen of Sheba

The Queen of Saba who submitted to Sulayman AS and accepted Islam after witnessing his kingdom and wisdom.

Pre-Islamic Jalut (Goliath)

The giant Philistine warrior killed by the young Dawud AS with a sling, as narrated in the Quran.

Pre-Islamic Talut (Saul)

The king chosen by Allah to lead the Israelites against the Philistines, under whom Dawud AS rose to prominence.

Pre-Islamic Canaan, son of Nuh

The son of Nuh AS who refused to board the ark and was drowned — the Quran's most poignant example that family ties cannot save those who reject Allah.

Pre-Islamic Wife of Lut

The wife of Lut AS who betrayed him by informing his people of his guests and was destroyed with the people of Sodom.

Pre-Islamic Imran (father of Maryam)

The righteous man from whose family both Maryam and Isa AS descend, giving his name to Surah Ali Imran.

Pre-Islamic Hannah (mother of Maryam)

The mother of Maryam AS who dedicated her unborn child to Allah's service — an act the Quran honors as the foundation of Isa's lineage.

Pre-Islamic Asif ibn Barkhiya

The minister of Sulayman AS who transported the throne of Bilqis in the blink of an eye through divine knowledge.

Pre-Islamic Wife of Nuh (Noah's wife)

The wife of Prophet Nuh AS who disbelieved and was destroyed in the flood, a Quranic example of how proximity to a prophet does not guarantee salvation.

Pre-Islamic Sam ibn Nuh (Shem)

Son of Nuh AS who boarded the ark; considered in Islamic and Biblical tradition the ancestor of the Semitic people...

Pre-Islamic Ham ibn Nuh

Son of Nuh AS who boarded the ark; considered in Islamic and Biblical tradition as the ancestor of the African and...

Pre-Islamic Yafith ibn Nuh (Japheth)

Son of Nuh AS who boarded the ark; considered in Islamic and Biblical tradition as the ancestor of the Turkic, Eur...

Pre-Islamic Umm Musa (mother of Musa)

The mother of Prophet Musa AS who received divine revelation to place him in the river, and was reunited with him as his own wet nurse.

Pre-Islamic Maryam, sister of Musa (Miriam)

The sister of Musa AS who followed his basket on the Nile and orchestrated his return to their mother.

Pre-Islamic Safura (wife of Musa)

Daughter of Prophet Shuayb and wife of Prophet Musa AS, whose family sheltered Musa when he fled Egypt.

Pre-Islamic Binyamin (Benjamin)

The full brother of Prophet Yusuf AS, son of Yaqub and Rachel, who was kept by Yusuf in Egypt as part of the plan to reunite their father's family.

Pre-Islamic Shamwil (Samuel)

The Israelite prophet who appointed Talut (Saul) as king at the request of the Israelites, as narrated in Surah al-Baqarah.

Pre-Islamic Mikail (Michael)

One of the four archangels in Islamic tradition, named explicitly in the Quran alongside Jibril...

sahabi Abu Talib

...or his entire prophetic career — but died without accepting Islam.

sahabi Musab ibn Umayr

The first ambassador of Islam, sent by the Prophet to Medina before the Hijra, whose prea...

sahabi Abdullah ibn Salam

...ophet ﷺ as a true prophet upon his arrival and converted to Islam.

sahabi Najashi (Ashama ibn Abjar)

...efuge to the first Muslim emigrants and eventually accepted Islam in secret.

Pre-Islamic Abraha al-Ashram

The Abyssinian viceroy of Yemen who marched with elephants to destroy the Ka'bah and was destroyed by Allah's army of birds — in the year the Prophet ﷺ was born

contemporary Heraclius (Byzantine Emperor)

...e Emperor who received the Prophet's letter inviting him to Islam and privately acknowledged the signs of prophethood.

Pre-Islamic Dhul-Qarnayn

The righteous king who journeyed to the east and west of the earth and built the iron barrier against Ya'juj and Ma'juj — as narrated in Surah al-Kahf.

Pre-Islamic Luqman

The wise man honored in the Quran (Surah Luqman) for his counsel to his son — a model of tawحid, gratitude, prayer, and character.

Pre-Islamic Ashab al-Kahf (People of the Cave)

The group of young men who took refuge in a cave from a pagan king and were caused to sleep by Allah for 309 years — narrated in Surah al-Kahf.

Pre-Islamic Uzayr (Ezra)

A righteous man whom Allah caused to die for 100 years and then resurrected as a sign, mentioned in the Quran and venerated by some Jews as the son of God — a c

Pre-Islamic al-Aziz (Potiphar of Egypt)

The Egyptian minister who purchased Yusuf AS from the slave traders and gave him a position of trust in his household.

Pre-Islamic Rachel (wife of Yaqub)

The beloved wife of Prophet Yaqub AS and mother of Yusuf and Binyamin — the wife for whom Yaqub worked fourteen years.

Pre-Islamic Hawariyyun (Disciples of Isa)

The dedicated companions of Prophet Isa AS who declared 'We are the helpers of Allah' — mentioned in the Quran as a model of full commitment to a prophet.

sahabi Zaynab, daughter of the Prophet

...Muhammad and Khadijah. Married Abu al-As ibn al-Rabi before Islam; he later embraced Islam and they were reunited in Madinah....

sahabi al-Miqdad ibn Amr al-Bahrani

... Muslims and among the Seven Pioneers who publicly declared Islam. He was the first Muslim horseman to fight in the way of Al...

sahabi Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan

Son of Abu Sufyan and older brother of Muawiyah. Embraced Islam at the Conquest of Makkah. One of the four commanders appoi...

sahabi Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr

...ought against the Muslims at Badr and Uhud before embracing Islam after Hudaybiyyah. Distinguished himself at the Battle of Y...

sahabi Suhayl ibn Amr al-Qurashi

...e Treaty of Hudaybiyyah with the Prophet ﷺ. He converted to Islam at the Conquest of Makkah and later became a passionate pre...

sahabi Sajah, the female false prophet

...a was killed at Yamama, she eventually converted to genuine Islam and lived the rest of her life as a Muslim.

sahabi Tulayha ibn Khuwaylid al-Asadi

...id at the Battle of Buzakha. He then genuinely converted to Islam and fought as a brave Muslim soldier, being martyred at the...

sahabi Wahshi ibn Harb

... his master Jubayr ibn Mut'im. He was freed, later embraced Islam, and completed redemption by killing Musaylima al-Kadhdhab ...

sahabi Utba ibn Ghazwan al-Mazini

...ra in 14-15 AH, which became one of the major cities of the Islamic world. Died 17 AH.

sahabi Amr ibn Ma'dikarib

...e initially apostatized during the Riddah, then returned to Islam. Fought in the conquest of Persia with Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas ...

sahabi Hassan ibn Thabit

... as 'Poet of the Prophet.' He composed verses in defense of Islam and the Prophet ﷺ. He lived to approximately 120 years, spa...

sahabi Ka'b ibn Malik

...attle of Tabuk. He was a poet who composed verses defending Islam. His repentance and forgiveness are mentioned in Surah al-T...

sahabi Ikrimah ibn Abi Jahl

Son of Abu Jahl, initially a fierce enemy of Islam. He embraced Islam at the Conquest of Makkah and became a g...

sahabi Safwan ibn Umayyah

...obleman and son of Umayyah ibn Khalaf. Initially opposed to Islam, he accepted Islam after the Conquest of Makkah after the P...

sahabi Dirar ibn al-Azwar

... renowned companion and warrior of the Ridda Wars and early Islamic conquests. Known for extraordinary bravery in combat, he ...

sahabi al-Qa'qa' ibn Amr al-Tamimi

One of the most brilliant military commanders of early Islamic history. He played a decisive role in the Battle of Qadis...

sahabi Khalid ibn Sa'id ibn al-As

One of the earliest converts to Islam, among the first ten to embrace the faith. He and his broth...

tabi_tabii Muhammad al-Baqir

...lar in Madinah, preserving and transmitting a large body of Islamic knowledge. He is revered as the 5th Imam by Twelver Shia.

sahabi al-Arqam ibn Abi al-Arqam

...cretly during the persecution. Umar ibn al-Khattab accepted Islam in this house.

sahabi Abu Salamah ibn Abd al-Asad

One of the earliest converts to Islam and the first Muslim to emigrate to Madinah (before the Hij...

sahabi Uthman ibn Mazun

One of the earliest converts to Islam and a prominent companion known for his extreme asceticism....

sahabi Abd Allah ibn Jahsh

...n of the Prophet ﷺ who led the first military expedition in Islam — the raid at Nakhla (2 AH) which captured a Qurayshi carav...

medieval Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan

...zed Arabic as the administrative language, minted the first Islamic coins (replacing Byzantine/Sassanid designs), and built t...

sahabi Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith

...dversary of the Prophet ﷺ who was one of the last to accept Islam before the Conquest of Makkah. He had previously been the m...

sahabi Umayr ibn Wahb al-Jumahi

... he was so astounded by the revelation that he converted to Islam. He became a devoted companion and returned to Makkah as a ...

sahabi Fatimah bint Asad

... own son after the death of his mother Aminah. She accepted Islam early and emigrated to Madinah. The Prophet ﷺ buried her in...

sahabi Ka'b ibn Zuhayr

Son of the pre-Islamic poet Zuhayr ibn Abi Sulma. He initially lampooned the Pro...

medieval Ubaydullah ibn Ziyad

...Basra and Kufa (d. 67 AH). He bears heavy responsibility in Islamic history for the killing of Husayn ibn Ali and his compani...

medieval Muhammad ibn Qasim al-Thaqafi

...unjab at the age of 17-20 (92-96 AH / 711-715 CE), bringing Islam to the Indian subcontinent. He defeated Raja Dahir of Sindh...

medieval Abd al-Rahman al-Ghafiqi

The Umayyad governor of al-Andalus (Islamic Spain) who led the famous invasion of Francia (114 AH / 7...

medieval Yazid ibn Muawiyah

...the siege of Makkah. He is a deeply controversial figure in Islamic history.

sahabi Rayhana bint Zayd

... from Banu Nadir captured after the Battle of Banu Qurayza. Islamic sources differ on whether she became a wife or concubine ...

sahabi Jabir ibn Atik al-Ansari

... including death by plague, a hadith of major importance in Islamic jurisprudence.

sahabi Utbah ibn Masud

...yshi side before his conversion, then ransomed and accepted Islam, becoming a reliable hadith narrator.

sahabi al-Bara ibn Malik al-Ansari

...of Anas ibn Malik and one of the greatest warriors of early Islam. The Prophet is reported to have said there are disheveled,...

medieval al-Dhahabi

...ubala, Mizan al-I'tidal, Tadhkirat al-Huffaz, and Tarikh al-Islam — remain the essential biographical references for Islamic ...

medieval al-Nawawi

...ion — remain among the most widely read and taught books in Islamic scholarship worldwide. A paragon of piety and encyclopedi...

medieval al-Izz ibn Abd al-Salam

...Muslim army. His Qawa'id al-Ahkam is a foundational work in Islamic legal theory and the doctrine of public interest (maqasid...

medieval Fakhr al-Din al-Razi

One of the greatest Islamic encyclopedists (544-606 AH), whose Mafatih al-Ghayb (al-T...

medieval al-Suyuti

The most prolific scholar in Islamic history (849-911 AH), authoring over 500 works across vir...

medieval Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan

...ng governorship was one of the most stable periods in early Islamic Egypt.

medieval Umar ibn Hubayrah al-Fazari

...nd Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (d. 105 AH). He is remembered in Islamic ethical tradition for his exchange with Abu Hanifah, whom...

medieval Qutayba ibn Muslim al-Bahili

...oxiana including Bukhara, Samarqand, and Khwarazm, bringing Islam deep into Central Asia. His campaigns fundamentally shaped ...

tabi_tabii Ibrahim ibn Adham

...egarded as one of the earliest and most authentic models of Islamic renunciation (zuhd). His sayings on sincerity and detachm...

tabi_tabii al-Fudayl ibn Iyad

...d at night and became one of the greatest ascetics of early Islam. A Makkah-based scholar and teacher of Ibn al-Mubarak, his ...

classical al-Junayd al-Baghdadi

The most prominent figure of the sober Baghdad school of Islamic spiritual discipline (d. 297 AH), student of Sari al-Saqa...

medieval Ibn Ata Allah al-Iskandari

...ook of Wisdoms) became one of the most widely read works of Islamic spirituality. Associated with the Shadhili order, he deba...

medieval Ibn Arabi

... Damascus (560-638 AH) and the most controversial figure in Islamic intellectual history. His Fusus al-Hikam and al-Futuhat a...

medieval Ibn Battuta

...er 30 years traveled approximately 75,000 miles through the Islamic world and beyond — from Morocco to Mali, Anatolia to Indi...

contemporary Muhammad al-Amin al-Shinqiti

...325-1393 AH) who became one of the founding teachers of the Islamic University of Madinah after migrating from West Africa. H...

ottoman Taqi al-Din al-Subki

Shafi'i Shaykh al-Islam of Damascus, master jurist, hadith scholar, and theologian ...

ottoman Ibn Farhun

...of Medina, author of Tabsirat al-Hukkam, a landmark work on Islamic judicial procedure and legal methodology.

classical al-Tahawi

...l-Tahawiyya, the most widely accepted creedal text in Sunni Islam.

medieval Ibn Qudama al-Maqdisi

...f al-Mughni, the most comprehensive treatise of comparative Islamic jurisprudence.

medieval al-Quduri

...asar al-Quduri), the most widely memorized Hanafi primer in Islamic history.

classical Dawud ibn Ali al-Zahiri

Founder of the Zahiri school of Islamic jurisprudence, which adheres strictly to the apparent (za...

modern Sayyid Qutb

Egyptian literary critic turned Islamic thinker, author of Fi Zilal al-Quran and Milestones; high...

late-classical Shah Wali Allah al-Dihlawi

Foremost Islamic scholar of the Indian subcontinent; synthesizer of the fo...

late-classical Ebussuud Efendi

Chief Mufti (Sheikh al-Islam) of the Ottoman Empire for 30 years; author of a major Qura...

late-classical Ibn Khallikan

...yan, one of the most important biographical dictionaries of Islamic civilization.

classical al-Muhasibi

Early Islamic scholar of spiritual psychology and self-examination; his...

modern al-Hajj Umar Taal

West African Islamic scholar, jihadist, and ruler; leader of a major Islamic r...

modern Karamokho Alfa

... founder of the Imamate of Futa Jallon; led the first major Islamic reform state in West Africa.

contemporary Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani

Leading contemporary Deobandi jurist; authority on Islamic finance and a widely respected Hanafi scholar of fiqh and...

sahabi Yasir ibn Amir

...of Ammar ibn Yasir; tortured to death for refusing to leave Islam.

classical al-Farabi

...lian logic for Arabic-speaking world and integrated it with Islamic political thought.

late-classical Katip Celebi

...bibliographer; his Kashf al-Zunun is the most comprehensive Islamic bibliographic encyclopedia.

ottoman Shah Wali Allah al-Dihlawi

The greatest Islamic scholar of the Indian subcontinent. Author of Hujjat Alla...

medieval Yaqut al-Hamawi

The greatest Islamic geographer. His Mu'jam al-Buldan (Dictionary of Countries...

medieval Ibn Jubayr

...ravel account) is one of the most vivid descriptions of the Islamic world in the 12th century CE.

modern Usman dan Fodio

The great Islamic reformer of West Africa. He founded the Sokoto Caliphate ...

ottoman Mulla Khusraw

The leading Hanafi jurist of the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Mehmed II. His Durar al-Hukkam and Mir'at al-Usul are standard Ottoman legal texts.

classical al-Waqidi

One of the earliest and most important Islamic historians. His Kitab al-Maghazi is the earliest extant c...

ottoman Nuruddin al-Raniri

One of the greatest Islamic scholars of Aceh (Indonesia). His Sirat al-Mustaqim was t...

contemporary Muhammad ibn 'Uthaymin

One of the foremost Islamic scholars of the 20th century. Known for his accessible fa...

classical Imam al-Bukhari

The greatest hadith scholar in Islamic history. His Sahih al-Bukhari is considered the most auth...

classical Abu Dawud al-Sijistani

...ud, one of the six canonical hadith collections focusing on Islamic law. He reviewed 500,000 hadiths and selected 4,800 for h...

classical Ibn Jarir al-Tabari

One of the greatest scholars in Islamic history. His Tafsir al-Tabari and Tarikh al-Tabari are th...

sahabi al-Zubayr ibn al-'Awwam

... and cousin. He was the first to draw a sword in defense of Islam.

sahabi al-Miqdad ibn al-Aswad

One of the earliest converts and first horsemen in Islam. Famous for his bold speech at the Battle of Badr — the Pro...

medieval al-Shatibi

The greatest scholar of Islamic legal theory (usul al-fiqh) after al-Ghazali. His al-Muwa...

medieval Ibn 'Aqil al-Hanbali

...His al-Funun is said to be the largest book ever written in Islamic civilization — reportedly 800 volumes.

classical al-Qabisi

...Risalah al-Mufassalah is the foundational classical text on Islamic education.

medieval Ibn Rushd (Averroes)

The greatest Islamic philosopher and Aristotle's chief commentator. A practici...

modern Mahmud Shaltut

... (1958-1963). A leading reformist scholar who worked on pan-Islamic unity and issued the controversial fatwa recognizing Ja'f...

contemporary Wahba al-Zuhayli

One of the greatest Islamic scholars of the 20th-21st centuries. Author of al-Fiqh al...

modern Mustafa Ahmad al-Zarqa

...hi al-'Amm is the most authoritative modern introduction to Islamic jurisprudence and civil law.

classical al-Biruni

The greatest universal scholar of the classical Islamic world. Contributed to astronomy, mathematics, physics, ge...

sahabi Jabir ibn 'Abd Allah al-Ansari

...panion who participated in nearly all major events of early Islam.

medieval al-Amidi

...al-Ahkam is the most technically rigorous classical work in Islamic jurisprudential theory.

modern Ashraf 'Ali Thanawi

...'Hakim al-Ummat' (The Sage of the Ummah). The most prolific Islamic scholar of the Indian subcontinent, writing over 1,000 wo...

Pre-Islamic Aminah bint Wahb

Mother of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. She died when he was approximately six years old.

ottoman Ahmad Baba al-Timbukti

Greatest Islamic scholar of Timbuktu, prolific author of biographies and f...

modern al-Hajj Umar Tal

West African Islamic scholar, mujahid, and founder of the Toucouleur Empire in...

modern Ibrahim Niass

Senegalese Islamic scholar with one of the largest followings in West Africa...

ottoman Dawud al-Fatani

Greatest Malay-Patani Islamic scholar, prolific author of Malay-language religious text...

ottoman Hamzah Fansuri

First major Malay poet and Islamic scholar from Aceh, pioneering Malay Islamic literature.

modern Said Nursi

Turkish Islamic scholar whose Risale-i Nur (Epistles of Light) is one of ...

modern Mehmed Zahid Kotku

Turkish Islamic scholar and shaykh who revived Islamic learning in Turkey...

classical al-Baladhuri

Major Islamic historian and biographer. His Futuh al-Buldan is the foun...

contemporary Tariq Ramadan

Swiss-Egyptian Islamic scholar and academic. Controversial figure who has writte...

contemporary Gibril Fouad Haddad

Lebanese-American scholar specializing in Islamic biographical literature and hadith sciences.

sahabi Ka'b ibn Zuhayr

Pre-Islamic poet who converted to Islam and wrote the famous qasida B...

medieval Ibn Taymiyya

Towering Hanbali scholar of Damascus whose mastery of Islamic sciences and bold refutation of innovations made him uniq...

classical al-Mansur (Abbasid)

... and second Abbasid Caliph. He commissioned the first major Islamic translation movement and founded the Bayt al-Hikmah.

sahabi Umm Sharik

...rom Makkah who worked secretly to convert Qurayshi women to Islam.

ottoman al-Maqqari

...dalus. His Nafh al-Tib is the most comprehensive history of Islamic Spain and its scholars.

contemporary Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda

... expert known for his biographical work and teaching of the Islamic sciences.

contemporary Ali al-Tantawi

Syrian Islamic scholar, judge, and writer known for his accessible and e...

medieval al-Shatibi (usul al-fiqh)

... the foundational text on Maqasid al-Shariah (objectives of Islamic law).

tabi_tabii Yahya ibn Adam

...f Kufa. His Kitab al-Kharaj is one of the earliest works on Islamic fiscal policy.

modern Ashraf Ali Thanawi

Greatest Islamic scholar of 20th century India. His Bahishti Zewar is the ...

contemporary Abu al-Hasan al-Nadwi

Indian Islamic scholar whose 'What Has the World Lost due to the Decline...

modern Manazir Ahsan Gilani

Deobandi scholar known for his works on Islamic economics and the history of Islamic philosophy in India.

modern al-Sanusi (Algeria, 19th century)

...ya movement in Libya. Student of Ahmad ibn Idris who spread Islamic revival across North Africa.

modern Abubakar Gumi

Nigerian Islamic scholar and reformer who advocated for direct Quran-based...

modern Uways al-Barawi

East African Islamic scholar and founder of the Uwaysiyya order; spread Islam ...

contemporary Sayyid Abul A'la Mawdudi

Pakistani Islamic thinker and founder of Jamaat-e-Islami; controversial mod...

medieval al-Suyuti

Egyptian polymath who authored over 500 works spanning all Islamic sciences.

contemporary Ali al-Sallabi

Libyan historian known for extensive Islamic biographies and historical works.

classical al-Ghazali

Persian theologian and philosopher, Hujjat al-Islam, author of Ihya Ulum al-Din.

contemporary Wahbah al-Zuhayli

Syrian scholar and prolific author of al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuh and Tafsir al-Munir.

classical Imam al-Bukhari

Greatest hadith scholar in Islamic history; compiler of the most authentic book after the Qu...

contemporary Rashid al-Ghannushi

Tunisian Islamic thinker and political leader, founder of the Ennahda Move...

contemporary Fazlur Rahman

Pakistani Islamic scholar and philosopher who developed neo-modernist appro...

contemporary Umar Sulaiman al-Ashqar

...ssor at the University of Jordan, author of the widely read Islamic Beliefs series covering the unseen world, eschatology, an...

contemporary Saalih ibn Ghaanim al-Sadlaan

...rary Saudi Hanbali faqih and professor at Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University in Riyadh, known for accessible works in Islam...

contemporary Mohammad Hashim Kamali

A leading contemporary scholar of Islamic jurisprudence (b. 1944), founding CEO of the Internationa...

contemporary Muhammad Abu Zahrah

... Cairo University and al-Azhar, author of landmark works in Islamic jurisprudence, comparative fiqh, and biographies of the f...

contemporary Wahid Abdussalam Bali

A contemporary Egyptian Islamic scholar and author known for widely read works on ruqyah,...

contemporary Suhaib Hasan

A British-based Pakistani Islamic scholar (b. 1938), secretary general of the Islamic Shari...

contemporary Mustafa al-Azami

...hadith authenticity and winner of the King Faisal Prize for Islamic Studies in 1980.

contemporary Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri

An Indian Islamic scholar (1942-2006 CE) who won the World Muslim League bi...

contemporary Adil Salahi

A contemporary Islamic author and journalist, longtime Islamic features editor a...

contemporary Mahmood Ahmad Ghadanfar

A Pakistani Islamic author known for Great Women of Islam, presenting biograp...

contemporary Muhammad Ali Qutb

A contemporary Egyptian Islamic author known for Women Around the Messenger, presenting b...

contemporary Akbar Shah Najeebabadi

An Indian Islamic historian (1856-1938 CE) known for his comprehensive Urdu...

contemporary Firas Alkhateeb

...rary American Muslim historian and educator, author of Lost Islamic History: Reclaiming Muslim Civilisation from the Past (20...

contemporary Muhammad Ali al-Hashimi

A contemporary Syrian-origin Islamic author based in Saudi Arabia, known for The Ideal Muslim ...

contemporary Ahmad Farid

A contemporary Egyptian Islamic scholar and author known for Purification of the Soul, a ...

contemporary Muzaffar Iqbal

A Pakistani-Canadian Islamic scholar and science historian (b. 1954), founder of the C...

contemporary Muhammad Umar Chapra

A leading Pakistani Islamic economist (1933-2017 CE), Senior Research Advisor at the ...

contemporary Muhammad al-Arifi

A prominent contemporary Saudi Islamic scholar and preacher (b. 1970 CE), known for popular book...

contemporary Aaidh ibn Abdullah al-Qarni

A prolific Saudi Islamic scholar and preacher (b. 1959 CE), author of La Tahzan (D...

contemporary Yasmin Mogahed

...aised USA), known for the bestselling Reclaim Your Heart on Islamic spirituality and attachment to Allah.

contemporary Khalid Muhammad Khalid

A prominent Egyptian Islamic author (1920-1996 CE) known for his popular biographies o...

contemporary Yahya ibn Abd al-Razzaq al-Ghawthani

A contemporary Syrian Islamic scholar specialized in tajweed and Quran memorization met...

contemporary Mufti Afzal Hoosen Elias

A South African Islamic scholar, Hanafi mufti, and prolific author based in Johan...

contemporary Ahmad Deedat

...can Muslim author and orator (1918-2005 CE), founder of the Islamic Propagation Centre International (IPCI), known for compar...

contemporary Muhammad Abd al-Rauf

An Egyptian-American Islamic scholar (1917-2004 CE), first director of the Islamic Cul...

contemporary Muhammad Salih al-Munajjid

A prominent contemporary Saudi Islamic scholar (b. 1960 CE) of Syrian origin, founder of Islam Q...

contemporary Ruqaiyyah Waris Maqsood

A British Muslim author and educator (b. 1942), convert to Islam, known for accessible books on Islam for Western audiences ...

contemporary Abu Muneer Ismail Davids

A South African Islamic author known for Getting the Best Out of Hajj, a comprehe...

contemporary Mustafa Ashour

A contemporary Egyptian Islamic author known for his book The Jinn in the Quran and the S...

contemporary Monzer Kahf

A Syrian-American Islamic economist (b. 1940), senior researcher at the Islamic Dev...

contemporary Badruddin Ahmad

A contemporary Islamic author known for Life After Death, presenting Islamic tea...

contemporary Said Abd al-Azim

A contemporary Egyptian Islamic scholar and author known for accessible works on dua, wor...

tabii Iyas ibn Mu'awiyah al-Muzani

...e and scholar of the late Tabi'un generation, celebrated in Islamic culture for his legendary intelligence, sharp wit, and ju...

tabi_tabii Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak

Scholar of Khurasan who uniquely combined Islamic scholarship, asceticism, and jihad. Studied under Imam Ma...

tabi_tabii Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i

Founder of the Shafi'i school and father of Islamic legal theory (usul al-fiqh). Author of al-Risalah, the fi...

tabii Al-Qasim ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Dimashqi

...bu Abd al-Rahman, who served as a key transmitter of Syrian Islamic scholarship.

tabi_tabii Hammad ibn Salama

... al-Bunani and Anas ibn Malik, and a major figure in Basran Islamic scholarship.

tabi_tabii Malik ibn Dinar

...on of worldly pleasures, and frequent citations in books of Islamic spirituality.

tabii Zayd ibn Abi Unaysah

...nsmitted from a wide range of senior authorities across the Islamic world.

tabii Abu Idris al-Khawlani

...Jabal who became one of the foremost transmitters of Syrian Islamic tradition.

tabii Ubayd ibn Umayr al-Laythi

... of the first people to narrate stories (qasas) publicly in Islam, revered by Ibn Abbas and his contemporaries.

tabii Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Nu'm al-Bajali

... al-Khudri, known for his reliable narrations on matters of Islamic jurisprudence and practice.

tabii Sukayna bint al-Husayn

...her intelligence, piety, and cultural significance in early Islamic society.

tabii Nawf al-Bikali

...ator known as a student of Ka'b al-Ahbar and transmitter of Islamic and Israelite knowledge in early Damascus.